﻿1864.] 
  HULL 
  AND 
  GREEN 
  — 
  MILLSTONE-GRIT. 
  243 
  

  

  limestone 
  district 
  of 
  Derbyshire, 
  is 
  a 
  long 
  synclinal, 
  to 
  the 
  northern 
  

   part 
  of 
  which 
  Farey 
  has 
  given 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  the 
  " 
  Goyt 
  Trough." 
  

   This 
  hollow 
  runs 
  due 
  south 
  from 
  Mottram, 
  near 
  Staleybridge, 
  by 
  

   Whaley 
  Bridge 
  and 
  the 
  east 
  of 
  Leek 
  to 
  the 
  Cheadle 
  Coal-field, 
  be- 
  

   yond 
  which 
  the 
  Carboniferous 
  rocks 
  sink 
  beneath 
  the 
  New 
  Eed 
  

   Sandstone. 
  It 
  is, 
  for 
  the 
  most 
  part, 
  bounded 
  on 
  either 
  side 
  by 
  

   ridges 
  of 
  Millstone-grit, 
  and 
  is 
  broken 
  into 
  several 
  subordinate 
  

   basins, 
  in 
  which 
  lie 
  patches 
  of 
  Lower 
  Coal-measures. 
  

  

  To 
  the 
  west 
  of 
  the 
  Goyt 
  Trough 
  the 
  beds 
  rise 
  into 
  a 
  sharp 
  saddle, 
  

   along 
  the 
  whole 
  or 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  which 
  runs 
  a 
  line 
  of 
  fault 
  ; 
  these 
  

   we 
  will 
  call 
  the 
  " 
  Saddleworth 
  and 
  Saltersford 
  Anticlinal 
  " 
  and 
  the 
  

   " 
  Anticlinal 
  Fault," 
  respectively. 
  We 
  have 
  traced 
  this 
  line 
  of 
  dis- 
  

   turbance 
  from 
  the 
  northern 
  end 
  of 
  Saddleworth 
  valley, 
  southwards 
  

   by 
  Staleybridge 
  Moor, 
  the 
  River 
  Goyt 
  at 
  Marple, 
  and 
  Disley, 
  into 
  

   Saltersford 
  valley, 
  along 
  which 
  it 
  ranges 
  ; 
  and 
  onwards 
  by 
  Forest 
  

   Chapel, 
  until 
  it 
  is 
  lost 
  on 
  the 
  north-west 
  of 
  Leek, 
  below 
  the 
  patch 
  of 
  

   New 
  Eed 
  Sandstone 
  that 
  there 
  fills 
  in 
  the 
  Churnet 
  valley. 
  To 
  the 
  

   south 
  of 
  this 
  outlier, 
  an 
  anticlinal 
  fault 
  on 
  the 
  east 
  of 
  Wetley 
  Rocks 
  

   belongs 
  most 
  likely 
  to 
  the 
  same 
  line 
  of 
  fracture. 
  

  

  Beyond 
  the 
  anticlinal 
  fault 
  we 
  have, 
  on 
  the 
  extreme 
  north 
  of 
  our 
  

   district, 
  the 
  eastern 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  Lancashire 
  Coal-field. 
  A 
  long 
  strip 
  

   of 
  Coal-measures, 
  branching 
  as 
  it 
  were 
  from 
  the 
  main 
  field, 
  runs 
  

   down 
  by 
  Hyde 
  and 
  Poynton 
  to 
  Macclesfield 
  : 
  it 
  is 
  bounded 
  on 
  the 
  

   east 
  and 
  south 
  by 
  the 
  ridges 
  of 
  the 
  Millstone-grit, 
  which 
  rise 
  in 
  

   these 
  directions 
  from 
  beneath 
  the 
  Coal-measures, 
  and 
  it 
  stretches 
  

   on 
  the 
  west 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  " 
  Red 
  Rock 
  Fault." 
  

  

  Along 
  the 
  same 
  line, 
  further 
  to 
  the 
  south, 
  lies 
  the 
  large 
  Coal-field 
  

   of 
  the 
  Potteries, 
  the 
  northern 
  part 
  of 
  which 
  is 
  known 
  as 
  the 
  Bid- 
  

   dulph 
  Trough. 
  

  

  Between 
  the 
  Biddulph 
  and 
  Goyt 
  Troughs, 
  and 
  to 
  the 
  west 
  of 
  the 
  

   Anticlinal 
  Fault, 
  lies 
  a 
  shallower 
  basin, 
  beginning 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  vil- 
  

   lage 
  of 
  Rushton, 
  and 
  running 
  along 
  Rudyerd 
  Reservoir 
  to 
  the 
  little 
  

   Coal-field 
  of 
  Wetley 
  and 
  Shafferlong. 
  This 
  we 
  will 
  call 
  the 
  Rud- 
  

   yerd 
  Basin. 
  The 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  district 
  is 
  mainly 
  occupied 
  by 
  Yoredale 
  

   Rocks, 
  thrown 
  into 
  countless 
  folds, 
  and 
  much 
  broken 
  by 
  faults. 
  

  

  Two 
  little 
  patches 
  of 
  Mountain-limestone 
  peep 
  up 
  through 
  the 
  

   overlying 
  beds 
  ; 
  at 
  Mixon, 
  east 
  of 
  Leek, 
  and 
  at 
  Astbury 
  near 
  Con- 
  

   gleton. 
  

  

  The 
  Millstone-grit 
  has 
  a 
  scenery 
  of 
  its 
  own, 
  marked 
  by 
  long 
  lines 
  

   of 
  terraced 
  or 
  steeply 
  scarped 
  hills, 
  which 
  contrast 
  strongly 
  with 
  

   the 
  undulating 
  plain 
  of 
  Cheshire 
  on 
  the 
  one 
  hand, 
  and 
  the 
  rounded 
  

   outlines 
  of 
  the 
  limestone 
  -hills 
  on 
  the 
  other. 
  We 
  continually 
  see 
  the 
  

   same 
  form 
  of 
  outline, 
  consisting 
  of 
  a 
  gently 
  rising 
  surface 
  of 
  moorland, 
  

   broken 
  off 
  along 
  a 
  line 
  of 
  sharp 
  cliff, 
  as 
  characteristic 
  of 
  the 
  land- 
  

   scape 
  of 
  this 
  formation. 
  By 
  these 
  physical 
  features 
  the 
  composition 
  

   and 
  arrangement 
  of 
  the 
  strata 
  are 
  marked 
  out 
  with 
  wonderful 
  clear- 
  

   ness, 
  the 
  summits 
  of 
  the 
  ridges 
  and 
  escarpments 
  being 
  invariably 
  

   composed 
  of 
  grit 
  or 
  sandstone, 
  and 
  the 
  flanks 
  of 
  the 
  hills 
  and 
  the 
  

   valleys 
  of 
  shale 
  ; 
  and 
  as 
  the 
  steep 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  escarpment 
  always 
  

   tends 
  to 
  run 
  in 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  strike, 
  and 
  looks 
  in 
  the 
  direction 
  opposite 
  

  

  