﻿248 
  PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  GEOLOGICAL 
  SOCIETY. 
  [Hai\ 
  23, 
  

  

  massive, 
  and 
  is 
  in 
  character 
  more 
  like 
  a 
  millstone-bed 
  than 
  the 
  close- 
  

   grained 
  quartzose 
  rocks 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  group 
  ; 
  like 
  the 
  grits, 
  too, 
  it 
  

   thins 
  away 
  to 
  the 
  south 
  — 
  at 
  least 
  it 
  cannot 
  be 
  traced 
  beyond 
  certain 
  

   points. 
  It 
  may 
  be, 
  however, 
  that 
  it 
  passes 
  into 
  a 
  rock 
  indistin- 
  

   guishable 
  from 
  the 
  sandstones 
  of 
  the 
  group 
  below. 
  Some 
  sections 
  

   between 
  Buxton 
  and 
  Leek 
  are 
  in 
  favour 
  of 
  this 
  view. 
  

  

  The 
  sandstones 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  group 
  may 
  always 
  be 
  known 
  by 
  

   their 
  firm 
  close 
  grain, 
  which 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  owing 
  to 
  a 
  plentiful 
  

   siliceous 
  cement. 
  They 
  never 
  tend 
  to 
  become 
  crumbly 
  from 
  wea- 
  

   thering, 
  as 
  is 
  the 
  case, 
  more 
  or 
  less, 
  with 
  all 
  the 
  millstone-grits 
  ; 
  

   and 
  their 
  fracture 
  is 
  clean 
  and 
  bright, 
  while 
  the 
  freshly 
  broken 
  

   surface 
  of 
  the 
  gritstones 
  is 
  rough. 
  As 
  a 
  rule, 
  they 
  are 
  thin-bedded 
  

   and 
  fine-grained; 
  but 
  massive 
  conglomerates* 
  are 
  seen 
  here 
  and 
  

   there. 
  These, 
  however, 
  have 
  the 
  same 
  firm 
  cement 
  as 
  the 
  other 
  

   beds, 
  and 
  thus 
  differ 
  widely 
  from 
  the 
  conglomerates 
  of 
  the 
  Grit-series. 
  

   In 
  places, 
  as 
  on 
  Gun 
  Hill, 
  near 
  Leek, 
  these 
  beds 
  are 
  very 
  hard 
  

   subcrystalline 
  quartz-rocks 
  ; 
  and 
  this 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  shape 
  they 
  

   mostly 
  take 
  where 
  much 
  contorted, 
  as 
  if 
  pressure 
  had 
  developed 
  in 
  

   them 
  a 
  semicrystalline 
  structure. 
  Some 
  beds 
  of 
  this 
  group 
  have 
  at 
  

   times 
  a 
  calcareous 
  cement. 
  

  

  The 
  term 
  " 
  Limestone- 
  shale," 
  which 
  is 
  often 
  given 
  to 
  the 
  whole 
  

   group, 
  belongs 
  properly 
  only 
  to 
  the 
  lowest 
  division, 
  which 
  is 
  made 
  

   up 
  almost 
  entirely 
  of 
  black 
  shales, 
  with 
  thin 
  earthy 
  limestones 
  in 
  

   the 
  lower 
  part. 
  The 
  latter 
  seem 
  to 
  become 
  more 
  plentiful 
  and 
  purer 
  

   towards 
  the 
  bottom, 
  and 
  vary 
  from 
  black 
  earthy 
  beds 
  to 
  pure 
  grey 
  

   crystalline 
  limestones, 
  with 
  many 
  fossils. 
  

  

  We 
  shall 
  now 
  pass 
  to 
  the 
  detailed 
  accounts 
  of 
  the 
  several 
  districts 
  

   into 
  which 
  the 
  country 
  under 
  consideration 
  may 
  be 
  suitably 
  divided. 
  

  

  § 
  5. 
  Description 
  of 
  the 
  Sections. 
  

  

  a. 
  Saddleworth 
  Valley. 
  Position 
  of 
  Hocks 
  at 
  the 
  surface. 
  — 
  This 
  

   valley 
  trends 
  north 
  and 
  south, 
  and, 
  as 
  stated 
  by 
  Professor 
  Phillips, 
  

   is 
  occupied 
  by 
  Limestone-shale, 
  or, 
  rather, 
  the 
  Yoredale 
  Rocks 
  — 
  an 
  

   equivalent 
  and 
  much 
  preferable 
  term, 
  due 
  to 
  this 
  author, 
  which 
  we 
  

   shall 
  henceforth 
  exclusively 
  adopt. 
  The 
  Yoredale 
  beds 
  consist 
  prin- 
  

   cipally 
  of 
  black 
  and 
  grey 
  shales, 
  with 
  a 
  thick 
  bed 
  of 
  rather 
  massive 
  

   sandstone 
  — 
  the 
  " 
  shale-grit" 
  of 
  Farey. 
  On 
  both 
  sides 
  the 
  valley 
  is 
  

   bounded 
  by 
  high 
  ridges 
  of 
  the 
  Kinder 
  Scout 
  Grit, 
  dipping 
  in 
  oppo- 
  

   site 
  directions 
  from 
  the 
  axis 
  of 
  the 
  Saddleworth 
  anticlinal. 
  The 
  

   change 
  of 
  dip 
  takes 
  place 
  along 
  a 
  fault 
  which 
  breaks 
  through 
  the 
  

   escarpment 
  at 
  the 
  northern 
  apex 
  of 
  the 
  valley, 
  and 
  ranges 
  south- 
  

   ward, 
  throwing 
  off 
  the 
  beds 
  at 
  high 
  angles 
  on 
  either 
  side 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  

   the 
  entrance 
  to 
  Greenfield 
  Valley. 
  Here 
  it 
  joins 
  another 
  great 
  dis- 
  

   location, 
  and 
  then 
  ranges 
  along 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  bold 
  bluffs 
  

   formed 
  of 
  the 
  Scout 
  Grit 
  to 
  Harrop 
  Edge 
  (see 
  fig. 
  1). 
  All 
  along 
  

   this 
  line 
  (a 
  distance 
  of 
  ten 
  miles) 
  the 
  structure 
  of 
  the 
  beds 
  is 
  very 
  

   different 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  anticlinal. 
  West 
  of 
  it 
  the 
  dip 
  is 
  for 
  

  

  * 
  Farey 
  seems 
  to 
  nave 
  noticed 
  such 
  beds 
  (see 
  'History 
  of 
  Derbyshire,' 
  

   p. 
  228). 
  

  

  