﻿1864.] 
  KIRKBT 
  PERMIAN 
  FISH 
  AND 
  PLANTS. 
  345 
  

  

  national 
  Exhibition 
  of 
  1862, 
  that 
  was 
  considered 
  by 
  me 
  the 
  proper 
  

   region 
  of 
  onr 
  Primordial 
  fanna. 
  After 
  a 
  patient 
  search, 
  I 
  believe 
  

   that 
  I 
  have 
  discovered 
  evidence 
  of 
  the 
  existence 
  of 
  the 
  expected 
  

   fauna 
  in 
  the 
  capital 
  of 
  our 
  province. 
  

  

  2. 
  On 
  some 
  Remains 
  of 
  Fish 
  and 
  Plants 
  from 
  the 
  " 
  Uppek 
  Lime- 
  

   stone 
  " 
  of 
  the 
  Permian 
  Series 
  of 
  Durham. 
  By 
  James 
  W. 
  Kirkby. 
  

  

  [Communicated 
  by 
  Thomas 
  Davidson, 
  Esq., 
  F.K.S., 
  F.G.S.] 
  

  

  [Plate 
  XVIIL] 
  

  

  The 
  object 
  of 
  the 
  present 
  paper 
  is 
  to 
  record 
  the 
  discovery 
  of 
  Fish- 
  

   remains 
  in 
  the 
  Upper 
  Magnesian 
  Limestone 
  of 
  the 
  Permian 
  forma- 
  

   tion, 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  these 
  fossils 
  in 
  that 
  subdivision 
  being 
  of 
  

   interest 
  in 
  several 
  respects, 
  though 
  more 
  especially 
  so 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  

   their 
  having 
  there 
  been 
  found 
  at 
  an 
  horizon 
  considerably 
  higher 
  in 
  

   the 
  Permian 
  series 
  than 
  any 
  vertebrate 
  remains 
  had 
  been 
  previously 
  

   known 
  to 
  occur. 
  

  

  The 
  fossils 
  were 
  first 
  noticed 
  by 
  the 
  workmen, 
  in 
  August 
  1861, 
  

   in 
  a 
  newly 
  opened 
  quarry 
  belonging 
  to 
  Sir 
  Hedworth 
  Williamson, 
  

   Bart., 
  at 
  Fulwell, 
  about 
  a 
  mile 
  and 
  a 
  half 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  of 
  Sunder- 
  

   land 
  ; 
  and 
  my 
  attention 
  was 
  almost 
  immediately 
  drawn 
  to 
  them 
  by 
  

   Mr. 
  Henry 
  Abbs, 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  town. 
  From 
  that 
  period 
  almost 
  up 
  

   to 
  the 
  present 
  time, 
  though 
  chiefly 
  during 
  the 
  autumn 
  and 
  winter 
  

   of 
  1861, 
  and 
  the 
  spring 
  and 
  summer 
  of 
  1862, 
  I 
  have 
  continued 
  to 
  

   collect 
  specimens, 
  and 
  to 
  pursue 
  inquiries 
  as 
  to 
  their 
  paleeontological 
  

   and 
  geological 
  relations. 
  In 
  these 
  researches 
  I 
  was 
  joined 
  by 
  several 
  

   scientific 
  friends, 
  who 
  courteously 
  allow 
  me 
  to 
  use 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  

   their 
  labours 
  along 
  with 
  those 
  of 
  my 
  own 
  in 
  this 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  

   fossils. 
  Among 
  these 
  friends 
  I 
  ought 
  specially 
  to 
  mention 
  Mr. 
  A. 
  W. 
  

   Dixon 
  and 
  Mr. 
  W. 
  M. 
  Wake, 
  of 
  Sunderland, 
  and 
  Mr. 
  R. 
  Howse, 
  

   of 
  South 
  Shields. 
  I 
  should 
  also 
  remark, 
  that 
  I 
  am 
  considerably 
  

   indebted 
  to 
  the 
  lessee 
  of 
  the 
  quarry, 
  Sir 
  H. 
  Williamson, 
  with 
  whose 
  

   permission 
  my 
  inquiries 
  were 
  made 
  ; 
  and 
  I 
  also 
  owe 
  much 
  to 
  the 
  

   active 
  assistance 
  and 
  careful 
  observation 
  of 
  Mr. 
  T. 
  Foster, 
  the 
  over- 
  

   man 
  of 
  the 
  quarry. 
  

  

  The 
  quarry 
  referred 
  to 
  is 
  situated 
  on 
  the 
  northern 
  slope 
  of 
  Fulwell 
  

   Hill, 
  and 
  is 
  not 
  far 
  distant 
  from 
  another 
  more 
  extensive 
  and 
  much 
  

   older 
  quarry 
  belonging 
  to 
  the 
  same 
  proprietor. 
  In 
  these 
  quarries, 
  

   as 
  well 
  as 
  in 
  others 
  on 
  the 
  same 
  hill, 
  more 
  to 
  the 
  west, 
  the 
  Magne- 
  

   sian 
  Limestone 
  is 
  largely 
  worked 
  for 
  lime-burning, 
  as 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  in 
  

   the 
  older 
  quarries 
  for 
  the 
  last 
  sixty 
  years 
  or 
  more. 
  During 
  the 
  

   whole 
  of 
  that 
  period, 
  up 
  to 
  1861, 
  no 
  traces 
  of 
  any 
  organic 
  remains 
  

   had 
  ever 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  limestone 
  of 
  this 
  hill. 
  But 
  about 
  the 
  

   time 
  named, 
  or 
  a 
  little 
  before, 
  it 
  became 
  necessary, 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  keep 
  

   the 
  new 
  quarry 
  at 
  its 
  proper 
  level, 
  to 
  cut 
  through 
  some 
  underlying 
  

   beds 
  (brought 
  up 
  by 
  an 
  anticlinal), 
  which 
  had 
  never 
  yet 
  been 
  

   quarried 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  un 
  vendible 
  quality 
  of 
  the 
  limestone 
  ; 
  

  

  