﻿378 
  PROCEEDINGS 
  OP 
  THE 
  GEOLOGICAL 
  SOCIETY. 
  [May 
  11, 
  

  

  2. 
  On 
  a 
  Deposit 
  at 
  Stroud 
  containing 
  Flint 
  Implements, 
  Land 
  and 
  

   Freshwater 
  Shells, 
  &c 
  By 
  Edwin 
  Witchell, 
  Esq., 
  F.G.S. 
  

  

  [Abstract.] 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  course 
  of 
  some 
  excavations 
  for 
  the 
  construction 
  of 
  a 
  reservoir 
  

   near 
  the 
  summit 
  of 
  the 
  hill 
  above 
  the 
  town 
  of 
  Stroud, 
  made 
  during 
  

   the 
  past 
  summer, 
  the 
  author 
  observed 
  in 
  the 
  clay, 
  at 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  2 
  feet 
  

   from 
  the 
  surface, 
  a 
  deposit 
  which, 
  on 
  examination, 
  he 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  

   full 
  of 
  Land-shells, 
  with 
  a 
  few 
  freshwater 
  Bivalves*. 
  The 
  deposit 
  

   was 
  a 
  kind 
  of 
  tufa 
  ; 
  it 
  contained 
  near 
  its 
  base 
  numerous 
  flat-stone 
  

   fragments 
  of 
  the 
  stony 
  bands 
  formed 
  of 
  the 
  valves 
  of 
  Ostrea 
  acumi- 
  

   nata 
  (a 
  Shell 
  which 
  characterizes 
  the 
  upper 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  Fuller's 
  

   Earth), 
  some 
  of 
  them 
  being 
  of 
  considerable 
  size 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  

   the 
  whole 
  showed 
  traces 
  of 
  erosive 
  action. 
  This 
  deposit 
  was 
  traced 
  

   up 
  the 
  slope 
  of 
  the 
  hill 
  to 
  the 
  extent 
  of 
  126 
  feet, 
  and 
  along 
  the 
  hill- 
  

   side 
  about 
  60 
  feet; 
  in 
  the 
  latter 
  direction 
  its 
  extent 
  was 
  not 
  dis- 
  

   closed 
  by 
  the 
  works, 
  but 
  traces 
  of 
  it 
  were 
  found 
  in 
  a 
  pit 
  at 
  a 
  distance 
  

   of 
  120 
  yards. 
  

  

  As 
  the 
  excavation 
  proceeded, 
  the 
  author 
  discovered 
  in 
  the 
  deposit 
  

   several 
  flint 
  flakes 
  of 
  the 
  usual 
  primitive 
  type, 
  flint 
  nuclei, 
  part 
  of 
  a 
  

   flint 
  arrow-head, 
  fragments 
  of 
  an 
  antler, 
  a 
  tusk, 
  probably 
  of 
  a 
  boar, 
  

   with 
  numerous 
  small 
  pieces 
  of 
  charcoal 
  and 
  small 
  stones 
  which 
  had 
  

   been 
  subjected 
  to 
  the 
  action 
  of 
  fire. 
  Flint 
  flakes, 
  two 
  flint 
  arrow- 
  

   heads, 
  bones, 
  &c, 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  by 
  other 
  persons 
  visiting 
  the 
  spot. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  overlying 
  earth, 
  which 
  varied 
  from 
  2 
  to 
  4 
  feet 
  in 
  thickness, 
  

   a 
  few 
  pieces 
  of 
  pottery 
  were 
  found. 
  

  

  The 
  position 
  of 
  the 
  bed 
  is 
  singular, 
  the 
  ground 
  falling 
  away 
  con- 
  

   siderably 
  towards 
  the 
  Slade 
  Yalley 
  on 
  the 
  one 
  side 
  and 
  towards 
  

   Horn's 
  Yalley 
  on 
  the 
  other, 
  forming 
  an 
  elevated 
  spur, 
  somewhat 
  

   rounded 
  on 
  its 
  summit, 
  with 
  a 
  deep 
  valley 
  on 
  either 
  side. 
  The 
  

   position 
  of 
  the 
  shelly 
  bed 
  is 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  spur, 
  where 
  it 
  joins 
  

   the 
  general 
  elevated 
  land 
  of 
  the 
  district. 
  Its 
  elevation 
  above 
  the 
  

   sea-level 
  is 
  about 
  650 
  feet, 
  and 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  summit 
  of 
  the 
  hill 
  about 
  

   750 
  feet. 
  

  

  The 
  formation 
  on 
  which 
  the 
  bed 
  is 
  deposited 
  is 
  clay 
  derived 
  from 
  

   the 
  Fuller's 
  Earth, 
  into 
  whieh 
  it 
  passes 
  downwards, 
  and 
  above, 
  on 
  

   the 
  hill, 
  is 
  the 
  western 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  Stonesfield 
  Slate. 
  In 
  the 
  Fuller's 
  

   Earth, 
  about 
  50 
  yards 
  higher 
  up 
  the 
  hill 
  than 
  the 
  shelly 
  bed, 
  is 
  a 
  

   line 
  of 
  small 
  springs 
  extending 
  along 
  the 
  hill-side 
  to 
  a 
  considerable 
  

   distance. 
  These 
  springs 
  issue 
  from 
  beneath 
  a 
  steep 
  slope, 
  forming 
  

  

  * 
  These 
  Shells 
  have 
  been 
  collected 
  and 
  named 
  by 
  Mr. 
  J. 
  Jones, 
  of 
  Gloucester, 
  

   who 
  has 
  written 
  a 
  paper 
  upon 
  the 
  Deposit, 
  claiming 
  for 
  it 
  a 
  period 
  of 
  great 
  an- 
  

   tiquity. 
  They 
  are 
  as 
  follows 
  :— 
  

  

  Univalves. 
  

  

  Zonites 
  alliarius. 
  

  

  Limnreus 
  truncatulus. 
  

  

  Helix 
  nemoralis. 
  

  

  nitidulus. 
  

  

  Cyclostoma 
  elegans. 
  

  

  rotundata. 
  

  

  excavatus. 
  

  

  Carychium 
  minimum. 
  

  

  umbilicata. 
  

  

  crystallinus. 
  

  

  Acme 
  fusca. 
  

  

  fulva. 
  

  

  Pupa 
  umbilicata. 
  

  

  

  pulchella. 
  

  

  Clausilia 
  nigricans. 
  

  

  Eivalves. 
  

  

  lamcllata. 
  

  

  Succinca 
  putris. 
  

  

  Pisidium 
  pusillum. 
  

  

  • 
  lapicida. 
  

  

  Zua 
  lubrica. 
  

  

  , 
  sp. 
  

  

  