﻿1864.] 
  GODWIN-AUSTEN 
  NORTH-WESTERN 
  HIMALAYAS. 
  383 
  

  

  1. 
  Geological 
  Notes 
  on 
  Part 
  of 
  the 
  North-western 
  Himalayas. 
  

   By 
  Captain 
  Godwin- 
  Austen. 
  With 
  Notes 
  on 
  the 
  Fossils 
  ; 
  by 
  T. 
  

   Davidson, 
  Esq., 
  F.K.S., 
  F.G.S., 
  R. 
  Etheridge, 
  Esq., 
  F.G.S., 
  and 
  

   S. 
  P. 
  Woodward, 
  Esq., 
  F.G.S. 
  

  

  [Communicated 
  by 
  E. 
  A. 
  C. 
  Godwin-Austen, 
  F.E.S., 
  F.G.S.] 
  

   [Abstract.*] 
  

  

  The 
  operations 
  of 
  the 
  Trigonometrical 
  Survey 
  of 
  India, 
  under 
  the 
  

   superintendence 
  of 
  Capt. 
  Montgomery, 
  C.E., 
  having 
  been 
  extended 
  

   to 
  the 
  extreme 
  north 
  -western 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  Himalaya 
  adjoining 
  the 
  

   Indus, 
  and 
  across 
  the 
  chain 
  northwards 
  to 
  the 
  Mustak 
  range, 
  Captain 
  

   Godwin- 
  Austen 
  gives 
  in 
  this 
  paper 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  his 
  observations 
  on 
  

   the 
  geology 
  of 
  the 
  region, 
  made 
  during 
  the 
  course 
  of 
  the 
  Survey. 
  

   He 
  refers 
  the 
  rocks 
  observed 
  to 
  the 
  following 
  formations 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  1. 
  The 
  fluvio-lacustrine 
  series, 
  consisting 
  of 
  deposits 
  from 
  lakes 
  

  

  fed 
  by 
  mountain-rivers. 
  

  

  2. 
  The 
  Siwalik 
  series. 
  

  

  3. 
  The 
  Nummulitic 
  series. 
  

  

  4. 
  The 
  Jurassic 
  series. 
  

  

  5. 
  The 
  Carboniferous 
  series. 
  

  

  6. 
  The 
  Palaeozoic 
  series. 
  

  

  1. 
  The 
  Fluvio-lacustrine 
  Seines. 
  — 
  The 
  author 
  first 
  refers 
  to 
  a 
  former 
  

   communication 
  f, 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  Karewah 
  deposits 
  of 
  the 
  north- 
  

   western 
  extremity 
  of 
  the 
  Kashmere 
  valley 
  were 
  described, 
  giving 
  

   an 
  abstract 
  of 
  the 
  facts 
  and 
  opinions 
  contained 
  therein, 
  such 
  as 
  their 
  

   elevation 
  above 
  the 
  present 
  water-level 
  of 
  the 
  valley, 
  and 
  the 
  suc- 
  

   cessive 
  lower 
  levels 
  at 
  which 
  the 
  lacustrine 
  waters 
  must 
  have 
  stood, 
  

   as 
  shown 
  by 
  the 
  long 
  lines 
  of 
  terraces 
  one 
  above 
  the 
  other. 
  He 
  also 
  

   suggested 
  that 
  the 
  masses 
  of 
  granitic 
  rock 
  which 
  occur 
  in 
  the 
  Jhelum 
  

   valley-accumulations, 
  oatside 
  the 
  Baramoulah 
  passage, 
  as 
  at 
  Kuttai 
  

   and 
  elsewhere, 
  had 
  been 
  brought 
  down 
  by 
  glaciers, 
  which 
  descended 
  

   the 
  valleys 
  from 
  the 
  outer 
  slopes 
  of 
  the 
  north-west 
  Pinjal 
  ; 
  as 
  all 
  the 
  

   obstructions 
  which 
  from 
  time 
  to 
  time 
  have 
  penned 
  up 
  the 
  waters 
  of 
  

   the 
  Kashmere 
  valley 
  have 
  had 
  their 
  positions 
  in 
  the 
  gerge 
  of 
  the 
  

   Jhelum 
  through 
  the 
  Pinjal 
  range. 
  

  

  Tbe 
  author 
  had 
  never 
  met 
  with 
  any 
  Shells 
  at 
  high 
  levels 
  in 
  

   the 
  Karewah 
  deposits 
  of 
  the 
  north-west 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  valley. 
  On 
  

   the 
  south-east, 
  the 
  lacustrine 
  beds, 
  there 
  sloping 
  inwards 
  from 
  the 
  Pir- 
  

   Pinjal 
  at 
  angles 
  of 
  20° 
  and 
  upwards 
  (though 
  from 
  what 
  cause 
  is 
  

   uncertain), 
  contain 
  many 
  species 
  of 
  Land- 
  and 
  Freshwater-shells 
  t, 
  

   together 
  with 
  Plants 
  and 
  minute 
  Fish-scales. 
  Measured 
  in 
  the 
  

   usual 
  way, 
  at 
  right 
  angles 
  to 
  the 
  dip, 
  some 
  of 
  these 
  lacustrine 
  beds 
  

   would 
  have, 
  by 
  estimation, 
  a 
  thickness 
  of 
  1400 
  feet 
  : 
  the 
  author 
  

   measured 
  a 
  vertical 
  thickness 
  of 
  700 
  feet, 
  through 
  the 
  whole 
  of 
  

  

  * 
  As 
  Captain 
  Godwin-Austen 
  is 
  expected 
  shortly 
  to 
  send 
  a 
  more 
  complete 
  

   account 
  of 
  the 
  geology 
  of 
  the 
  region 
  described 
  in 
  this 
  paper, 
  together 
  with 
  a 
  

   large 
  collection 
  of 
  rocks 
  and 
  fossils, 
  the 
  present 
  communication, 
  and 
  the 
  notes 
  

   by 
  Mr. 
  Davidson, 
  Mr. 
  Etheridge, 
  and 
  Mr. 
  Woodward, 
  are 
  now 
  published 
  in 
  

   abstract 
  only, 
  waiting 
  the 
  arrival 
  of 
  the 
  larger 
  memoir. 
  

  

  f 
  Quart. 
  Journ. 
  Geol. 
  Soc. 
  vol. 
  xv. 
  p. 
  221. 
  

  

  J 
  See 
  note 
  by 
  S. 
  P. 
  Woodward, 
  Esq., 
  F.G.S. 
  

  

  2e2 
  

  

  