﻿386 
  PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  GEOLOGICAL 
  SOCIETY. 
  [May 
  25, 
  

  

  found 
  teeth 
  and 
  bones 
  of 
  large 
  animals 
  ; 
  also 
  a 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  back 
  

   of 
  a 
  Crocodile, 
  showing 
  the 
  palates 
  very 
  well. 
  

  

  4. 
  The 
  Jurassic 
  Series. 
  — 
  The 
  Jurassic 
  formation 
  of 
  the 
  Himalayas 
  

   has 
  been 
  long 
  known 
  through 
  the 
  discoveries 
  of 
  Dr. 
  Gerard, 
  whose 
  

   collection 
  from 
  Spiti 
  has 
  been 
  recently 
  examined 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Blanford. 
  

   After 
  mentioning 
  the 
  detection 
  by 
  that 
  palaeontologist 
  of 
  English 
  

   Liassic 
  specimens 
  in 
  Dr. 
  Gerard's 
  collection, 
  and 
  noticing 
  the 
  labours 
  

   of 
  Mr. 
  Theobald, 
  who 
  ascertained 
  the 
  presence 
  in 
  Spiti 
  of 
  Palaeozoic 
  

   (Carboniferous, 
  as 
  afterwards 
  determined 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Blanford), 
  Triassic, 
  

   and 
  Jurassic 
  deposits, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  previous 
  researches 
  of 
  Mr. 
  Yigne, 
  

   he 
  states 
  that 
  he 
  had 
  also 
  obtained 
  Jurassic 
  fossils 
  from 
  beds 
  of 
  sand- 
  

   stone 
  alternating 
  with 
  limestone, 
  while 
  working 
  along 
  the 
  Jarrup 
  

   River, 
  which 
  runs 
  towards 
  Zanskar. 
  

  

  5. 
  The 
  Carboniferous 
  Series. 
  — 
  The 
  author 
  traced 
  the 
  Carboniferous 
  

   Limestone, 
  very 
  full 
  of 
  fossils, 
  all 
  along 
  the 
  foot 
  of 
  the 
  mountains 
  

   of 
  the 
  north 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  Kashmere 
  valley 
  up 
  to 
  Islamabad 
  ; 
  he 
  made 
  

   some 
  good 
  sections, 
  and 
  collected 
  many 
  fossils. 
  Along 
  this 
  line 
  the 
  

   Carboniferous 
  Limestone 
  invariably 
  rested 
  on 
  the 
  older 
  slates 
  and 
  

   hornblendic 
  rocks 
  of 
  the 
  valley, 
  a 
  bed 
  of 
  quartzite 
  from 
  12 
  to 
  15 
  feet 
  

   thick 
  being 
  always 
  between 
  the 
  two. 
  The 
  beds 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  fossils 
  

   were 
  most 
  abundant 
  were 
  low 
  in 
  the 
  series, 
  being 
  from 
  50 
  to 
  80 
  feet 
  

   from 
  the 
  quartzite. 
  

  

  Above 
  these 
  fossiliferous 
  beds 
  was 
  a 
  compact 
  limestone, 
  only 
  

   sparingly 
  fossiliferous, 
  some 
  200 
  feet 
  thick, 
  and 
  next 
  in 
  ascending 
  

   order 
  were 
  beds 
  full 
  of 
  Goniatites 
  ; 
  what 
  the 
  author 
  there 
  found 
  he 
  

   refers 
  to 
  — 
  

  

  Cyathophyllum 
  . 
  

  

  Fenestella. 
  

  

  Acanthocladia. 
  

  

  Athyris 
  Roissyi. 
  

  

  Chonetes. 
  

  

  Leptsena. 
  

  

  Lingula. 
  

  

  Orthis. 
  

  

  *Producta 
  semireticulata. 
  

  

  * 
  gigantea. 
  

  

  * 
  longispina. 
  

  

  Spirifer 
  glaber. 
  

   Terebratula 
  hastata. 
  

   Orthoceras. 
  

   Goniatites. 
  

  

  6. 
  Older 
  Rocks 
  of 
  the 
  District. 
  — 
  The 
  age 
  of 
  the 
  beds 
  below 
  the 
  

   Carboniferous 
  Limestone 
  is 
  stated 
  to 
  be 
  very 
  doubtful 
  ; 
  they 
  were 
  

   seen 
  in 
  a 
  great 
  number 
  of 
  sections 
  from 
  the 
  outer 
  slopes 
  of 
  the 
  Pir- 
  

   Pinjal 
  to 
  the 
  Mustak, 
  but 
  the 
  author 
  was 
  never 
  able 
  to 
  detect 
  any 
  

   fossils. 
  On 
  the 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  Pir-Pinjal 
  they 
  consist 
  of 
  hard 
  slates 
  

   and 
  conglomerate 
  beds 
  of 
  enormous 
  thickness 
  ; 
  these 
  last 
  occur 
  at 
  the 
  

   base 
  of 
  the 
  series, 
  and 
  indicate 
  the 
  existence 
  of 
  a 
  line 
  of 
  shingle- 
  

   beach, 
  coinciding 
  with 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  the 
  North-west 
  Himalayas, 
  

   at 
  that 
  early 
  time. 
  

  

  There 
  are 
  three 
  limestone 
  -formations 
  in 
  this 
  region 
  — 
  Palaeozoic, 
  

   Mesozoic, 
  and 
  Nummulitic, 
  so 
  like 
  one 
  another 
  in 
  appearance 
  that 
  

   without 
  the 
  aid 
  of 
  fossils 
  it 
  would 
  be 
  impossible 
  to 
  distinguish 
  then 
  ; 
  

   the 
  Nummulitic 
  limestones, 
  perhaps, 
  look 
  the 
  oldest. 
  These 
  often 
  

   occur 
  in 
  superposition. 
  

  

  The 
  Mesozoic 
  series 
  surmounts 
  the 
  Palaeozoic 
  in 
  the 
  mountains 
  

  

  * 
  These 
  had 
  their 
  spines 
  most 
  beautifully 
  shown. 
  

  

  