﻿1864.] 
  HARKNESS 
  NORTH-EAST 
  OF 
  SCOTLAND. 
  433 
  

  

  Mill 
  quarries. 
  To 
  these 
  succeed 
  red 
  sandstones, 
  with 
  pebble-beds 
  

   and 
  conglomerates, 
  upon 
  which 
  are 
  seen 
  white 
  sandstones 
  with 
  

   occasional 
  pebbles 
  in 
  them, 
  becoming 
  cherty 
  in 
  their 
  upper 
  layers, 
  

   and 
  passing 
  conformably 
  under 
  the 
  limestones 
  of 
  Cothall. 
  This 
  

   sequence 
  of 
  strata 
  agrees 
  perfectly 
  with 
  that 
  already 
  referred 
  to 
  

   as 
  occurring 
  south 
  of 
  Elgin, 
  and 
  the 
  Cothall 
  limestone 
  is 
  identical 
  

   in 
  its 
  nature 
  and 
  position 
  with 
  the 
  band 
  which 
  is 
  worked 
  at 
  Bilboa 
  

   Hall 
  and 
  elsewhere 
  south 
  of 
  Elgin. 
  Between 
  the 
  western 
  limits 
  of 
  

   these 
  two 
  limestones 
  there 
  has 
  been 
  an 
  immense 
  amount 
  of 
  denuda- 
  

   tion 
  ; 
  but 
  they 
  are 
  on 
  the 
  same 
  line 
  of 
  strike, 
  and 
  are 
  patches 
  of 
  a 
  

   great 
  band 
  of 
  limestone 
  which 
  once 
  had 
  a 
  very 
  great 
  development 
  west 
  

   of 
  Elgin. 
  Like 
  the 
  limestone 
  south 
  of 
  Elgin, 
  which 
  extends 
  under 
  

   the 
  town, 
  the 
  Cothall 
  limestone 
  has 
  no 
  solid 
  strata 
  succeeding 
  it. 
  

  

  A 
  short 
  distance 
  below 
  Cothall, 
  on 
  the 
  west 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  Eindhorn, 
  

   a 
  fault 
  is 
  well 
  seen, 
  bringing 
  the 
  limestones 
  against 
  the 
  lower 
  beds 
  

   of 
  the 
  section. 
  Abutting 
  against 
  the 
  limestones, 
  on 
  their 
  north 
  

   side, 
  are 
  seen 
  yellowish 
  sandstones 
  containing 
  white 
  quartz 
  pebbles, 
  

   and 
  greatly 
  false 
  - 
  bedded 
  ; 
  and 
  above 
  them 
  are 
  red 
  sandstones. 
  

   Here 
  the 
  strata 
  are 
  thrown 
  down 
  on 
  their 
  south 
  side 
  by 
  the 
  fault 
  ; 
  

   the 
  sandstone-beds 
  below 
  the 
  limestones 
  occurring 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  side. 
  

   Erom 
  this 
  point 
  for 
  some 
  distance 
  down 
  the 
  Eindhorn 
  no 
  rocks 
  are 
  

   exposed 
  ; 
  but 
  at 
  the 
  Bridge 
  of 
  the 
  Findhorn 
  the 
  fine 
  white 
  cherty 
  

   sandstones 
  immediately 
  underlying 
  the 
  limestones 
  (cornstones) 
  

   become 
  visible, 
  also 
  dipping 
  N.N.W. 
  at 
  10°, 
  and 
  capped 
  to 
  a 
  slight 
  

   extent 
  with 
  limestone 
  (cornstone). 
  Evidence 
  of 
  this 
  very 
  distinct 
  

   fault 
  can 
  be 
  traced 
  E.N.E. 
  Tt 
  runs 
  along 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  Alves 
  and 
  

   the 
  Quarry 
  "Wood 
  hills, 
  and, 
  stretching 
  onwards 
  to 
  the 
  sea 
  near 
  the 
  

   Boar's 
  Head, 
  throws 
  the 
  limestones 
  (cornstones) 
  down 
  to 
  the 
  south, 
  

   and 
  exhibits 
  on 
  its 
  north 
  side 
  the 
  strata 
  below 
  them. 
  

  

  § 
  4. 
  Section 
  north 
  of 
  Elgin. 
  

  

  Respecting 
  the 
  deposits 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  side 
  of 
  this 
  fault, 
  we 
  have 
  

   first 
  grey 
  sandstones 
  with 
  pebble-beds, 
  well 
  exposed 
  at 
  Alves, 
  both 
  

   in 
  the 
  railway-cutting 
  and 
  immediately 
  to 
  the 
  north, 
  on 
  Garden 
  

   Moor 
  ; 
  theyiiave 
  yielded 
  to 
  the 
  labours 
  of 
  Mr 
  .^Webster, 
  the 
  station- 
  

   master 
  at 
  Alves, 
  abundant 
  remains 
  of 
  Holoptychius 
  and 
  the 
  so-called 
  

   Bothriolepis. 
  The 
  strata 
  and 
  the 
  fossils 
  here 
  are 
  identical, 
  both 
  in 
  

   nature 
  and 
  position, 
  with 
  those 
  of 
  Shoggle 
  Burn, 
  which 
  overlie 
  the 
  

   conglomerates, 
  and 
  they 
  are 
  the 
  representatives 
  of 
  the 
  Scat 
  Crag 
  

   series. 
  Eastwards 
  from 
  Alves 
  they 
  are 
  succeeded 
  by 
  higher 
  strata. 
  

   At 
  Newton 
  grey 
  beds 
  with 
  red 
  layers 
  and 
  pebble 
  bands 
  occur, 
  and 
  

   here 
  Holoptychius 
  is 
  the 
  most 
  common 
  fossil. 
  Upon 
  these 
  latter 
  

   the 
  yellow 
  sandstones 
  of 
  the 
  Quarry 
  Wood 
  range 
  are 
  superimposed, 
  

   affording 
  also 
  remains 
  of 
  Holoptychius 
  ; 
  and, 
  as 
  just 
  mentioned, 
  both 
  

   in 
  lithology 
  and 
  fossils 
  these 
  Quarry 
  Wood 
  sandstones 
  are 
  identical 
  

   with 
  those 
  at 
  the 
  south-east 
  base 
  of 
  Pluscarden 
  Hill. 
  Here 
  there- 
  

   fore 
  we 
  find 
  ourselves 
  on 
  the 
  same 
  horizon 
  as 
  the 
  yellow 
  sandstones 
  

   before 
  referred 
  to 
  as 
  forming 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  section 
  immediately 
  

   south 
  of 
  Cothall. 
  

  

  About 
  a 
  mile 
  and 
  a 
  half 
  west 
  of 
  Bishops 
  Mill 
  quarries, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  

  

  