﻿4 
  GEOLOGICAL 
  MEMOIRS. 
  

  

  yellow 
  clay, 
  having 
  filled 
  up 
  crevices 
  pre-existing 
  in 
  the 
  Guttenstein 
  

   (Older 
  Triassic) 
  strata. 
  It 
  has 
  been 
  stated 
  that 
  such 
  veins 
  occur 
  

   only 
  beneath 
  the 
  stratified 
  (primary) 
  metalliferous 
  deposits, 
  that 
  

   they 
  are 
  frequently 
  cut 
  off 
  by 
  planes 
  of 
  stratification, 
  and 
  that 
  they 
  

   constantly 
  grow 
  narrower 
  and 
  at 
  last 
  disappear 
  in 
  depth. 
  The 
  same 
  

   phenomena 
  have 
  been 
  shown, 
  through 
  M. 
  Giimbel's 
  careful 
  observa- 
  

   tions, 
  to 
  occur 
  among 
  the 
  lead- 
  and 
  zinc-ore 
  deposits 
  in 
  the 
  Alps 
  of 
  

   Bavaria. 
  [Count 
  M.] 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  Relations 
  between 
  the 
  Fossil 
  and 
  the 
  Existing 
  Species 
  

   o/Hy.ena. 
  By 
  M. 
  A. 
  Gaudry. 
  

  

  [Sur 
  les 
  Hens 
  que 
  les 
  Hyenes 
  fossiles 
  etablissent 
  entre 
  les 
  Hyenes 
  yivantes 
  ; 
  par 
  

   Albert 
  Gaudry. 
  Bulletin 
  de 
  la 
  Societe 
  Geologique 
  de 
  France, 
  deuxieme 
  Serie. 
  

   Juillet 
  1863, 
  vol. 
  xx. 
  p. 
  404.] 
  

  

  There 
  are 
  three 
  recent 
  species 
  of 
  Hyaena 
  — 
  the 
  spotted, 
  the 
  striped 
  

   or 
  common, 
  and 
  the 
  brown. 
  The 
  first 
  two 
  differ 
  so 
  much 
  as 
  regards 
  

   their 
  dentition 
  as 
  to 
  lead 
  many 
  naturalists 
  to 
  consider 
  the 
  spotted 
  

   species 
  entitled 
  to 
  a 
  place 
  as 
  a 
  subgenus 
  under 
  the 
  designation 
  of 
  

   Crocotta. 
  This 
  Hyaena 
  (Hyama 
  crocuta, 
  Schreb.) 
  has 
  a 
  small 
  tuber- 
  

   cular 
  upper 
  carnassial 
  tooth, 
  and 
  its 
  lower 
  carnassial 
  has 
  no 
  internal 
  

   denticule 
  in 
  contact 
  with 
  the 
  second 
  lobe 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  contrary, 
  the 
  

   Striped 
  Hyaena 
  {Hyaena 
  vulgaris) 
  has 
  the 
  upper 
  carnassial 
  largely 
  

   tuberculated, 
  and 
  the 
  lower 
  possesses 
  an 
  internal 
  denticule. 
  The 
  

   Brown 
  Hyaena 
  {Hymna 
  villosa, 
  Smith; 
  Hyaena 
  fusca 
  auct.) 
  is 
  inter- 
  

   mediate 
  between 
  these 
  two 
  extremes, 
  for 
  it 
  has 
  the 
  large 
  tuberculated 
  

   upper 
  carnassial, 
  but 
  the 
  internal 
  denticule 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  is 
  rudi- 
  

   mentary. 
  The 
  author 
  states 
  that 
  he 
  is 
  acquainted 
  with 
  several 
  fossil 
  

   Hyaenas, 
  one 
  of 
  which, 
  the 
  Hyene 
  de 
  Montpellier, 
  is 
  so 
  closely 
  allied 
  

   to 
  the 
  recent 
  Hyaena 
  vulgaris 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  unreasonable 
  to 
  admit 
  

   their 
  specific 
  identity 
  ; 
  another, 
  the 
  Cave 
  Hyaena, 
  is 
  closely 
  allied 
  

   to 
  the 
  recent 
  Spotted 
  Hyaena 
  ; 
  and, 
  finally, 
  the 
  Hyaena 
  of 
  Pikermi 
  

   {Hycena 
  eximia) 
  enters 
  into 
  the 
  group 
  of 
  Hycena 
  fusca, 
  and 
  is 
  still 
  

   more 
  intermediate 
  between 
  H. 
  crocuta 
  and 
  H. 
  vulgaris 
  than 
  that 
  

   species, 
  for 
  while 
  it 
  has 
  a 
  large 
  tuberculated 
  upper 
  carnassial, 
  the 
  

   lower 
  has 
  no 
  rudiments 
  of 
  a 
  denticule. 
  The 
  magnificent 
  head 
  of 
  

   Hyaena 
  brevirostris, 
  found 
  near 
  Puy 
  by 
  M. 
  Aymard, 
  presents 
  the 
  same 
  

   peculiarities 
  in 
  its 
  dental 
  arrangement 
  as 
  the 
  Grecian 
  species. 
  

  

  [P. 
  M. 
  D.] 
  

  

  