TETJJfKS IN QTJATER^^AET SANDS AT HEADING. 301 



(2) Poi-tion of left scapula with part of glenoid cavity. Gravel (A). 



(3) Proximal epipbj-sis, with articular surface intact, of one of the first 



phalanges of right hind foot. From sand (b). 



(4) Many fragments from gravel are evidently Elepkas from their size, but 



they are unidentifiable. 



Bos PRIMIGENIUS. 



(1) Right scaphoid, in good condition. Sand. 



(2) Eight distal articular extremity of right metacarpal or metatarsal. 



Sand. 



(3) One of the last dorsal vertebrse of a young individual, the posterior 

 epiphysis being lost. (Sand ?) This broken specimen can only be con- 

 sidered approximately identified. 



Equus fossilis. 



(1) Two molar teeth and some fragments. One certainly came from between 



the sand and gravel ; the rest are undecided. 

 C2) One of the last two lumbar vertebrae, much waterworn. (Sand.) 



(3) First phalanx (?). Gravel. 



(4) Proximal half of left metacarpal, very small specimen. Between sand 



and gravel. 



Rhinoceros tichorhinus (?). 



A portion of the articular surface of an astragalus shows undoubted peris- 

 sodactyle characters, and is too large and shallow for Equus. It may be Ehi- 

 noceros. (Gravel.) 



For the loan of the specimens from which the above list has been 

 made, or for information on this subject, I have to thank Mr. P. W. 

 Andrewes, of Christ Church, Oxford ; Mr. C. H. Armstrong, of 

 Friar's Street, Reading ; and Mr. ^'alter Palmer, of The Acacias, 

 Reading. In some of the most difficult identifications I have to 

 thank Prof. Flower, and Mr. Jackson and Mr. Eobertson of the 

 University Museum, for much kind help, and above all Prof. Eol- 

 leston for the use of the splendid collection of comparative osteo- 

 logy and for the teaching that I have had in that subject in his 

 department during many years. 



Tree-trunks. These occurred in the sand-bed B (6) exclusively, 

 and chiefly in its lower part. Those at present exposed in the face 

 are seen in fig. 1 {x, x), generally in transverse section. The trunks 

 are afoot or more in diameter, and some of them several feet in length. 

 They are always horizontal, and had probably been carried down by 

 the stream from some distant locality, as I could never detect any 

 traces of lateral branches or, indeed, any indications of bark. The 

 structure is very much obscured by the iron oxide with which they 

 are impregnated. All attempts to render the tissue transparent 

 failed ; and hence some siliceous replacement is probable together 

 with the iron. Sometimes the wood is friable or even puljDj^ some- 

 times extremely hard and interpenetrated by quartz-graius in a 

 ferruginous matrix. At first the attempt was made to grind sec- 

 tions of this indurated pait ; but much labour, with a very doubtful 

 prospect of success, was saved by examining the softer tissue as an 

 opaque object by reflected light. Seme less-altered fibres from the 

 centre of a mass of wood whose periphery was quite obscured by 

 iron oxide were chosen for examination. This central tissue split up 



