TERTIAPwT PERIOD Br MEAIs^S OF TSE MAMMALIA. 387 



Miocene than the above, will probably, as Prof. Gervais suggests, 

 ultimately be classed with the Upper Eocene. 



8. The Characteristic Lower-Miocene Forms. 



It appears from the examination of the lists of Miocene species, 

 which I have selected as typical, that at least twenty-three living 

 genera appear in the Miocene age, of which the following belong to 

 the lower division : — 



Ehinoceros, Rhinoceros. Hedgehog, Erinaceus. 



Tapir, Tajnrus. Dormouse, Myoxus. 



Mnstela, Mustela. Water-Shrew, Myogdle. 



Yiverra, Viverra. Mole, TaVjici. 

 Squirrel, Schii'us. 



The genera surviving from the Eocene are : — 



BideljDhys. Anchitherium. 



Hycenodon. 



The genus Xijyhodon is represented by the more specialized Am- 

 jphitragulus. 



The two most characteristic genera are the hog-like Hyopotamus 

 and the Anthracotherium, with back teeth like the hog, and with 

 premolars, canines, and incisors as well adapted for piercing and 

 dividing flesh as in the Carnivores. There were no true hogs, nor 

 representatives of the family of elephants ; and in a large and varied 

 group of animals representing the deer and antelopes there were none 

 bearing antlers or horns. 



The most important fact presented by this fauna is that the 

 opossums still lingered in the forests of Europe, and that the Mar- 

 supial ancestry of the Carnivores still asserted itself in the singular 

 combination of characters offered by the Hycenodon. With the 

 close of the Lower Miocene age we bid farewell to the European 

 Marsupials ; and none of their characters have been observed in the 

 Placental mammals of the Old "World in any subsequent age. 



9. The Mid-Miocene Mammalia of France. 



The next well-defined horizon in the history of the Miocene mam- 

 malia of Europe is offered by the faunas of (1) Sansan, (2) Simorre, 

 and (3) St. Gaudens, in the south of Erance, described by Professors 

 Lartet, Gervais, and Gaudry, and given in the following list, in 

 which the numbers relate to the localities. 



Edentata. 

 Macrotheriuin giganteum, Lart. (1), 



Pkoboscidea. 



Mastodon angustidens, Ctiv. DiaDtberium iatermedium, Kaup (2). 



tapiroides, Cuv. (1), (2), 



2d2 



