396 W. B. DAWKDfS ON THE CLASSIPICATIOlf OF THE 



Survival from Pliocene — Living species =1. 



Hippopotamus Hi])]iopotamus amphibius. 



Survivals from Pliocene — Extinct species =7. 



■ Southern elephant Elephas meridionalis, Nesti. 



Big-nosed rhinoceros Bhinoceros megarhinus, Ohristol 



Etruscan rhinoceros B. etruscus, Falc. 



Sedgwick's deer Cervus dicranios = C. SedgwicJciL 



Deer of Polignac C. 'polignacus, Eobert. 



Sabre-toothed lion Machairodics latidens'i, Ow. 



Bear of Auyergne^ TJrsus arvernensis, Or. & Job, 



Wew comers — Living species =15. 



Horse Equus caballus, L. 



Wild boar Sus scrofa, L. 



TJrus Bos primigenius, Boj. 



Roe , Cervus capreolus, L. 



Stag '"C. elaphus, L. 



Fox Canis vulpes, L. 



Wolf C. lupus. Jj. 



Squirrel Sciurus vulgaris, L. 



Beaver Castor fiber, L. 



Eed field-vole Arvicola glareolus, Schreb. 



Water-vole '. A. amphibius, L. 



Mole Tal])a europ(sa,Jj. 



Comm on shrew Sorex vulgaris, L. 



Musk shrew 8. moschatus. 



Glutton Gulo luscus, L. f 



Kew comers — ^Extinct species = 7. 



Straight-tusked elephant ...Elephas antiquus, Falc. 



Mammoth E. jprimigenius, Blum. 



Irish elk Megaceros hibemicus, Owen. 



Thick-an tiered deer Cervus verticornis. Dawk. 



Deer of the Oarnutes C. carnutorum. 



Cave-bear TJrsus spelmis, Groldf. 



Extinct beaver Trogontherium Cimeri, Owen. 



Eleplias meridionalis, SJiinoceros etruscus, Cervus dicranios, and 

 C. polignacus appear for the last time in the Early Pleistocene, in 

 association with the new species. Among the latter, Elephas anti- 

 quus, E. primigenius, TJrsus spelmus, and Trogontherium are the 

 most important of the extinct species. 



The recent identification of the Mammoth by Prof. Leith Adams ij:, 

 in the fauna of the Eorest-hed, confirms the truth of the views of 

 Dr. Falconer and myself §, based on other evidence, which have 

 been doubted by some very competent observers. 



19. The Magnitude of the BreaJc between the Plio- and Pleistocene 



Periods. 



An analysis of the above list shows that the break in the succes- 

 sion between the Pliocene and Pleistocene ages is very great, more 



* It is very probable that the smaller Bear of the Forest-bed may be 

 TJrsus ferox, as Mr. E. T. Newton suggests. 

 t Identified by Mr. E. T. Newton. J In a letter to the author. 



§ Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxv. p. 138. 



