TEETIAKT PEEIOD BY MEAXS OF THE MAMMALIA. 



399- 



greatly over the extinct, standing to them in the relation of forty to 

 seven. The primaeval hunter is represented by the implements left 

 behind in the river-deposits and in the caves, belonging to two 

 stages of culture. The earlier and ruder is, 1, that of the river-drift 

 man, as he is termed by Mr. Evans t, whose rough stone JidcJies lie 

 scattered over England south of Peterborough, the whole of Erance," 

 Spain, Italy, and Greece, I^orth Africa and Palestine, and have been 

 shown by recent researches to occur over the greater part of India ;. 

 the later, 2, that of the cave-man, whose implements are of a higher 

 order and have a different distribution, being restricted to that portion 

 of Europe bounded to the south by^the Alps and the Pyrenees, to the 

 north by Yorkshire, to the west by the ancient coast-line of the 

 Atlantic, and to the east by Poland and the Lower Danube. It is,- 

 in my opinion, probable that these implements belong to different 

 races, of which the latter is very likely to be identical with the 

 modern Eskimos. They are proved by the discoveries at Hoxne, 

 Bedford, and in the Pont-j^ewydd Cave, to have lived in Britain 

 after the deposit of Boulder-clay in those districts ; but they are very 

 likely to have arrived in Europe along with the other living species 

 of animals in pre-Glacial times. The Glacial period was not, as 

 I have proved in a previous communication to the Society t, a hard 

 and fast line dividing one fauna from another. It was merely an 

 episode in the Pleistocene age, during which the climate was 

 exceedingly severe in iN'orthern Europe, and during which the 

 arctic species ranged as far south as the Alps and Pyrenees, their 

 northern pastures being either covered by snow and ice, or sub- 

 merged beneath the waves of the sea. 



Late-Pleistocene MammaHa in Britain. 





5 1 



o $ 



Survivals from Early and Mid Pleistocene — Living 

 species =24. 

 Horse Eqims caballus, L 



•5$- 

 ■K- 



* 



* 



•5f 



Brown's falloAv-cleer C&rvus IBrowni, Dawk. 





Stao- C. ela'phus, L 



"[Jrus . ,,.Sos pTimigeniuSf^o] 





Musk-sbeep Ovihos Tiioschatus Desm 



Hippopotamus . . . . .HiiwoiootctTiius amphibius, i/ 



Wild boar Sus scrofa, L 



W^ild cat . .. ... ...Felis catus IJ 





Spotted hyscna HycBna crocuta, Zini 



"VV^olf Canis lupus, ^ 



Fox G. vulpes, L 







t ' Ancient Stone Implements.' | Quart. Journ. Geol.'Soc. vol. xxxv. p. 72-L 



