476 S. V. WOOD, JUN., ON THE NEWER 



From the Gotteswold region and from Sheet 53 towards Lincoln- 

 shire gravel does not occur at such high elevations ; for, in the first 

 place, land of such height does not exist in that direction, and in 

 the second the degrading action of the ice of the Chalky Clay has, 

 as far as this ice reached, either destroyed the beds of this stage or 

 its moraine has concealed them; but about the centre of the line 

 dividing Sheets 62 and 54, near to fig. XYII., and just beyond the 

 limit to which this ice appears to have extended, Mr. Crosskey * 

 describes a deep section at Frankley Hill of water-deposited sands 

 and sandy clays, with erratic blocks derived from "Wales, at an ele- 

 vation of 650 feet. At West Haddon I found a small patch at a 

 considerable elevation on one of the shaded spaces representing 

 islands in Sheet 53 of map Ko, 2 (PI. XXI.) ; but most of the 

 gravel in this direction is that described in Stage III., and distin- 

 guished in the plate by the letter c, or that described in Stage Y., and 

 shown under the letter e. 



On the eastern slope of the Pennine, however, i.e. in Sheets 82 

 and 87, we ought, prima facie, to meet with gravel patches nearly, if 

 not entirely, corresponding in elevation to those on the western 

 slope in Sheet 81 ; but we do not. This has been a subject of great 

 perplexity to geologists, and theories connected with currents have 

 been off'ered to account for the case. The level to which gravel rises 

 on the eastern slope of the southern extremity of the Pennine does 

 not appear to be above 350 feet ; and drift of all kinds is said to 

 be absent above that level on this slope as far north as the river 

 Aire, in Sheet 92 ; but north of that river to be present in abun- 

 dance up to the water-parting itself in Sheet 102, over which the 

 blocks of Shap granite have travelled from the western slopef. 

 This I shall discuss in relation to Stage Y., merely observing for 

 the present that the formations of the stage now under considera- 

 tion appear to me to have been removed from this part of the 

 Eastern Pennine slope by the ice of the Chalky Clay described in- 

 Stage III., as they have also over the area at lower elevations 

 coming within the limit of the broken line shown on Map No. 1. 



In the easterly direction towards Erance the gravel occurs at lower 

 elevations than in Sheet 6, the principal remnant of it in that direc- 



it was clear to me that the Weald had been submerged, and its denudation been 

 completed principally by marine, and not by river-agency, there seemed no 

 other alternative than this, if the Chalky Clay had either been synchronous with, 

 or been followed by, the great submergence. The recognition, however, of the 

 fact that the submergence preceded that clay removed this misconception and 

 many others with it. The restoration map, No. II., which accompanies the 

 paper in the Quarterly Journal just referred to above, in which the submergence 

 of the Weald is shown, represents, so far as the part south of the North Downs is 

 concerned, very closely the condition at the maximum of submergence during 

 Stage II., but not that north of the Downs. The other restoration map to 

 that paper (No. III.) is, in view of the sequence of events traced in the present 

 memoir, inapplicable. 



* "Report to the Brit. Assoc, of the Committee on Erratic Blocks," Nature, 

 vol. XX. p. 440. 



t Dakyns, Quart. Journ. Geol, Sec. vol. xxviii. p. 382, 



