494 S. V. WOOD, JTJN., ON THE NEWER 



excavated by marine action out of the beds of Stage II., and also 

 over the south flank of island No. 1, some way above the sea-line, 

 which is represented by the junction of c with d. This it did as far 

 as the south-eastern extremity of the peninsula, which juts out south- 

 eastwards nearly to Sheet 67, where, on the western side of this 

 peninsula, d for a wide space rests on c, but above the line of the 

 junction on h S, just as it does against the corresponding slope of the 

 main part of the island in fig. YIII. The eastern slope of this 

 peninsula, as well as the unshaded part beyond it (which represents 

 the valleys of the Bure and Ant), are free from d ; and the ice did 

 not reach this part, save that where a very narrow neck to the 

 peninsula is shown the ice seems to have for a brief time overtopped 

 it, as minrte patches of the clay occur at the heads of valleys there 

 which are tributary to that of the Yare. Constrained thus by this 

 peninsula, it, so soon as it reached its south-eastern extremity, ex- 

 panded north-eastwards over the shallow sea there so as to reach 

 the north of Sheet 67, covering the sea-bottom formed of c in this 

 Sheet, as well as the islets of hS which were interspersed in it ; 

 and thus the coast-section in this Sheet is merely that which, omit- 

 ting the later beds, is presented by the coast-section in Sheet 68 

 from Bacton south-eastwards ^Zms the moraine of Chalky Clay spread 

 over it. 



Fig. IX. shows the way in which, after d had thus been laid upon 

 c in the fjord, the shrinking of the ice, presently to be explained, 

 destroyed, along the Wensum and Yare valley, this first result of the 

 ice-action, and brought about those features which this valley now 

 presents. 



It should be borne in mind that the elevation of the line of junc- 

 tion of d with c along this valley and elsewhere falls eastwards in 

 accordance with the original decrease of submergence in that direc- 

 tion, and shows the inclination of the land to have been propor- 

 tionately different, even within Norfolk, to what it now is. To this 

 mainly, but possibly in some slight degree also to the rise of the 

 land during the process, is due the rise in the elevation of the junction 

 line from between 30 and 40 feet in Sheet 67, to 90 feet in the centre 

 of Sheet Q6, and to a still higher elevation near the head of the 

 Wensum valley. 



Where the moraine entered the sea at the termination of the 

 Chalky Clay it is covered by gravel, as traced in Stage Y., which was 

 the resumption in these places of that gravel- deposit which, beyond 

 the limit to which the ice reached, had been going on uninterruptedly 

 throughout its advance in the parts still submerged and not invaded 

 by the ice. This, of course, was only resumed up to the level to 

 which the progress of the emergence had brought the sea-line in the 

 diff'erent parts when the ice disappeared. In the case, however, of 

 the gravels of Norfolk and Suffolk which overlie the clay, they have, 

 as I shall attempt to show in tracing Stage lY., resulted from a dif- 

 ferent agency than the sea, that part of England having at this time 

 nearly aE. emerged. Prior to the formation of these gravels, how- 

 ever, the ice had shrunk from the position it occupied when thus 



