512 S. V. WOOD, JUN., ON THE NEWEK 



and Macclesfield, and lose that of the opposite direction, so that 

 the terms of comparison become ohscnre. Thus the westerly in- 

 crement of 4-5 added for the 30 miles distance, at which e in 

 fig. XVII. lies nearly due west of Eugby, would make the eleva- 

 tions of e at Bugby and Birmingham closely coincide, the elevation 

 of e in fig. XYII. (judging from that of the canal mentioned by 

 Messrs. Crosskey and Woodward) being about 520 feet. A compari- 

 son, however, of this latter with 6' on the Cotteswolds at 750 feet, 

 without any allowance for southerly or westerly increment (the two 

 places lying nearly on the same meridian), would show a rise during 

 the Chalky Clay of only 230 feet ; but as the place of fig. XYII. and 

 the Cotteswolds are both in the line from Macclesfield to South 

 Hants, along which in Stage II. I have described the northerly 

 increment of 4*5 feet per mile as obtaining, and fig, XYII. is 25 miles 

 nearer to Macclesfield than the northern extremity of the Cottese 

 wolds, an allowance at this rate would augment the 230 to 342. 



On the whole we may, I think, take 300 feet as a very close 

 approximation to the true amount that Engla,nd rose between 

 the culmination of the submergence and the time when the ice of 

 the Chalky Clay began to retreat and make room for the deposit of 

 e over its moraine in the part where it had issued to the sea ; and 

 though we cannot suppose this rise to have been precisely uniform 

 over the whole of England, it is, I think, clear that no considerable 

 recovery from the preponderance of westerly depression had up to 

 tbis time occurred. This amount of emergence would have brought 

 central Korfolk to its present elevation, as deduced in Stages II. 

 and lY., East Norfolk being higher than this, but West Norfolk 

 lower. 



The elevation of e around Eugby, extended with the increments 

 just discussed to the water-partings in question, would show 

 that at the close of the Chalky Clay the water-parting between the 

 Thames system by way of the Cherwell and that of the Severn by 

 way of the Itchen or the Leam (branches of the Avon in Sheet 53), 

 which lies at an elevation of about 450 feet, had emerged, and that 

 the parting by the way of the Evenlode and the Stour (tributaries of 

 the Thames and Avon) in Sheet 44, which lies at a very similar eleva- 

 tion, could have had but little water over it. Nevertheless the passage 

 over it, which I have to describe, of the red and hard white chalk 

 frcfm the washing-out of the Steeping trough described in Stage lY. 

 (the red chalk at least, when in situ, being confined to Sheet 69 and 

 the sheets north of that) shows that there was water enough to float 

 ice of some sort ; and the difference between the elevation of this 

 water-parting and the elevation up to which the submergence of the 

 Cotteswold during Stage II. clearly extended is just about 300 feet. 

 The parting (on the south of the Cotteswolds) between the Thames 

 and Severn systems in Sheet 34, by way of the Swillbrook and 

 Somersetshire Avon, and wbich rises to about 300 feet, remained open 

 until later; but the emergence of this is connected with the events 

 to which the concluding part of this memoir has reference. 



The evidences afforded by the Cotteswold gravel in Sheet 44 are 



