PALEOLITHIC IMPLEMENTS AT CEAYFOED. 



545 



the present surface, the lowest nearly six feet lower. This area was 

 thickly covered with chips for the space of about ten feet north and 

 south, and, as far as I know at present, fifteen feet east and west, 

 or parallel to the cliff; but I expect that it will be found to extend 

 further. 



The fragments of flint lay touching each other, in parts to a thick- 

 ness of several inches, and had fallen so lightly that in several places 

 there were minute cavities underneath the mass of larger and flatter 

 flakes. 



A few small pieces of bone were found immediately beneath the 

 layer ; but above could be seen fine specimens, and smaller ones in 

 abundance, mostly incrusted with sand, cemented by iron oxide to 

 the bones, and this occasionally included one or more flakes in the 

 mass (fi.g. 2). Chips are found connected together by the same means. 



Pig. 2. — A Flint Flahe ivhich has been used at the side and butt end, 

 adherent, by its upper surface, to a portion of the sandy matrix 

 in ivhich it was found imbedded, l^atural size. 



The flakes, when first taken from the sand, are in most cases quite 

 new and clean, always so on the lower side, very slightly discoloured 

 with dust or iron on the upper. Many are studded with small con- 

 cretions of white carbonate of lime. 



Though the workman had abundance of material to work on, he 

 seems to have found the flints very obstinate, as may be seen from 

 the difficulty he had in procuring good heart pieces of flint and the 

 patient way he chipped away the outside. 



That he worked on the spot is evident. As I noticed before, the 

 flakes lie lightly on each other ; they are perfectly free from the 

 slightest abrasion such as must have occurred had the edges rubbed 

 over each other by the action of water ; they did not fall from the 

 clifl" into the water, for occasionally long flakes broken in two have 

 been seen, which could not have occurred had water intervened ; 



Q.J.G.S. No. 144. 2p 



