560 



J. W. KIKKBT ON MARINE FOSSILS IN THE 



more argillaceous ; and the thin impure limestones or " cement- 

 stones " occur within fifty feet or so of the outcrop of the lowest 

 beds. 



PiTTENWEEM AND Anstetjthrr Section (See fig. 2, p. 571). 



The highest beds of the Calciferous Sandstones are seen to the 

 east of the Coal Earm, midway between St. Monan's and Pitten- 

 weem, rising from beneath a thick, light-coloured, sub crystalline 

 limestone (apparently equivalent to the Gilmerton Limestone of 

 Mid Lothian and the Hurlet Limestone of the west of Scotland) 

 which is given as the base of the overlying series in the Fife maps 

 of the Geological Survey. In this bed are great quantities of 

 Lithodendron junceum and other corals, Orthis resupinata, Rhyn- 

 chonella pleurodon, Aihyris Royssii, and other species characteristic 

 of the Carboniferous Limestone. In the shale immediately below 

 are numerous examples of Myacites sidcatus, Aviculopecten arenosus, 

 Mycdina Verneuili, Schizodus axinfiormis^ and Lingula squami- 

 formis, which may be taken as belonging to the same zone of 

 fossils. 



Then follow nearly 100 feet of sandstone and sandy fireclay or 

 shale, containing traces of Lepidodendron and Stigmaria. These 

 form the highest strata of the Calciferous Sandstones, if we take 

 the thick limestone already mentioned as the base of the overlying 

 series, which is probably as good a conventional line of division as 

 could be chosen. We then reach about 4 feet of dark shale, with 

 two bands of limestone containing marine fossils. This is the 

 highest marine zone of the series, and from it have been obtained 

 the following species, all of which are common to the Carboniferous 

 Limestone : — 



Fossils of Zone JSfo. 1, 97 feet below th 

 Limestone. 



of the Carboniferous 



Nautilus quadratus, Fleming. 

 Loxonema rugifera, Phillips. 

 Aviculopecten interstitialis, Phillips. 



depihs?, M'Coy. 



Avicula, sp. 



Pteronites persulcatus, M'Coy. 



Area Lacordairiana, De Kaninck. 



Cypricardia, sp. 



Edmondia rudis, M'Coy. 



Nucula, sp. 



Sanguinolites tricostatus, Portloch. 



Hhynchonella pleurodon, Phill. 



Productus longispinus, Sow. 



semireticulatus, var concinnus. 



Sow. 



punctatus, Martin. 



aculeatus, Mart. 



Terebratula hastata, Sowerhy. 

 Chonetes polita, M'Coy. 

 Spirifera trigonalis, Martin. 

 Athyris ambigua, Sow. 

 Penestella plebeia, M'Coy. 

 Lithodendron junceum, Flem. 



200 feet of measures intervene before the next marine zone is 

 reached. These measures consist chiefly of sandstone in thick 

 beds, shale, and four thin coals and their fireclays. The only 

 fossils seen in them are the remains of Lepidodendron and Lepklo- 

 jpJiyllum. Then follows a two-feet bed of hard, grey, crinoidal lime- 

 stone. From it and the shale immediately associated with it there 

 have been obtained the following fossils : — 



