ALGONQUIAN LANGUAGES. 



59 



Brinton (D. G.) and Anthony (A. S.) — 

 Continued. 



The index is an alphabetic cross-reference list to 

 the English words occurring in the dictionary. 



See Dencke (C.F.) for a description of the 

 original mamiscript. 



"For about a century, beginning with 1740, 

 missionaries of. the United Brethren, or Mora- 

 vians, devoted themselves to the conversion 

 and civilization of portions of the LenAp6 or 

 Delaware Indians. These earnest Christian 

 men studied the native tongue, reduced it to 

 writing, and printed in it, for the use of their 

 converts, a number of works of a religious and 

 educational character. The history of their 

 literary activity in this language has been re- 

 cently traced elsewhere, in detail, and need not 

 be repeated here. While some of the results 

 appeared in type, much of it remained in manu- 

 script until the curiosity of scientific students 

 led to its publication. Thus, in 1827, Peter S. 

 Duponceau edited the grammar of Zeisberger, 

 and sixty years later his English-German-On- 

 ondaga-Delaware Dictionary was printed by 

 the private liberality of Prof. E. N. Horsford. 



" These works of David Zeisberger, whose life 

 found an able and sympathetic narrator in the 

 late Right Rev. Edmund de Schweinitz, to- 

 gether with his printed "Delaware Spelling 

 Book," were the chief sources from which the 

 later missionaries drew their knowledge of the 

 LenS,p6 dialect ; and unquestionably the pres- 

 ent Len4p6-Euglish Dictionary was founded 

 mainly upon the linguistic work of this proto- 

 Lendpist. Sd far as the history of the ms. is 

 concerned, I can add nothing to what was stated 

 in 'The Len&p6 and their Legends,' which is 

 as follows : 



" ' It is probable that Mr. Dencke was the com- 

 piler of the Delaware Dictionary which is pre- 

 served in the Moravian Archives at Bethlehem. 

 The ms. is an oblong octavo, in a small, but 

 beautifully clear hand, and comprises about 

 3,700 words. The handwriting is that of the 

 late Rev. Mr. Kampman, who was missionary 

 to the Delawares on the Canada reservation 

 from 1840 to 1842. On inquiring the circum- 

 stances connected with this ms. he stated to me 

 that it was written at the period named, and 

 was a copy of some older work, probably by 

 Mr. Dencke, but of this he was not certain.' 



"The Rev. C. F. Dencke, here alluded to, was 

 missionary to the Delawares at New Fairfield, 

 Canada, for a number of years after the war of 

 1812. He was the author of a grammar of the 

 tongue, now apparently lost, and translated 

 into it various portions of the New Testament. 

 His death took place in 1839. 



"The ma. of Mr. Kampman was carefully 

 copied and enlarged by the addition of words 

 from themss. and printed works of Zeisberger, 

 Heckewelder, and Ettwein. These additions 

 have, in the printed copies, been indicated by 

 the capital letters, Z., E., and H. In this con- 

 dition the ms. was submitted to the Rev. Al- 

 bert Seqaqkind Anthony, a born Len^pe, and 



Brinton (D. G.) and Anthony (A. S.) — 

 Continued. 



perfectly familiar with the language of his na- 

 tion as spoken by that colony of it resident on 

 the Six Nations reservation in Ontario, Can- 

 ada. In this colony the usual dialect is the 

 Minsi, and, as its members belong to a portion 

 of the nation who were converted by mission- 

 aries of the English Church (to which Mr. 

 Anthony belongs), the theological terms de- 

 veloped usually differ widely from those framed 

 by the Moravians. 



"Mr. Anthony kept the ms. by him for some 

 months, giving its contents careful attention, 

 andsubsequentlj the twoe4itorsmetand passed 

 in review every word in the dictionary. The 

 numerous notes and corrections in brackets, 

 with an appended capital A., are the emenda- 

 tions suggested by Mr. Anthony from the pres- 

 ent standpoint of the language and from the 

 dialect of his ancestral sub-tribe. The latter 

 differs somewhat from that employed by the 

 compiler of the dictionary. The grammatical 

 forms employed indicate that this was the 

 Unami (Wonami). 



" No attempt has been made to increase the 

 lexicography by the insertion of words or 

 forms obtained from the Delaware of to-day. 

 All such, when mentioned, are by way of com- 

 parison only. It would have been easy to have 

 extended the vocabulary. There are evidently 

 some Len^pe radicals and many themes which 

 do not appear in this work, but the editors con- 

 fined their efforts to presenting this work as- 

 exclusively concerned with the dialect as em- 

 ployed by the Moravian missionaries, and 

 hence all additions to the vocabulary have been 

 from their writings." — Preface, 



Copies seen: Eames, Pilling, Powell. 



DauielG-arrison Brinton, etiinologist, born in 

 Chester County, Pa., May 13, 1837. He was 

 graduated at Yale in 1858 and at the Jefferson 

 Medical College in 1861, after which he spent a 

 year in Europe in study and in travel. On his 

 return he entered the army, in August, 1862, as 

 acting assistant surgeon. In February of the 

 following year he was commissioned surgeon 

 and served as surgeon-in-chief of the second, 

 division, eleventh corps. He was present at the 

 battles of Chancellorsville, G-ettysburg, and. 

 other engagements, and was appointed medical 

 director of his corps in October, 1863. In con- 

 sequenceof a sunstroke received soon afterthe 

 battle of Gettysburg he was disqualified for 

 active service, and in the autumn of that year he 

 became superintendent of hospitals at Quincy 

 and Springfield, 111., until Ausrust, 1865, when, 

 the civil war having closed, he was brevetted 

 lieutenant -colonel and discharged. He then 

 settled in Philadelphia, where he became editor 

 of " The Medical and Surgical Reporter," and 

 also of the quarterly " Compendium of Medical 

 Science." Dr. Brinton has likewise been a 

 constant contributor to other medical journals, 

 chiefly on questions of public medicine and 

 hygiene, and has edited several volumes on. 



