﻿36 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  herbarium, 
  a 
  set 
  of 
  good 
  and 
  well 
  prepared 
  specimens 
  taken 
  in 
  

   the 
  various 
  stages 
  of 
  development 
  from 
  flowering 
  time 
  till 
  the 
  

   ripening 
  and 
  fall 
  of 
  the 
  fruit, 
  is 
  required. 
  

  

  The 
  genus 
  Crataegus, 
  as 
  represented 
  by 
  our 
  species, 
  includes 
  

   shrubs 
  and 
  trees 
  which 
  may 
  be 
  roughly 
  but 
  easily 
  separated 
  from 
  

   species 
  of 
  other 
  genera 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  family 
  by 
  the 
  long 
  spines 
  or 
  

   thorns 
  with 
  which 
  their 
  trunks 
  and 
  branches 
  are 
  armed. 
  The 
  

   common 
  and 
  local 
  names 
  applied 
  to 
  these 
  plants 
  are 
  thorn, 
  thorn 
  

   apple, 
  thorn 
  bush, 
  thorn 
  tree, 
  haw 
  and 
  hawthorn. 
  They 
  are 
  nearly 
  

   all 
  suggested 
  by 
  this 
  very 
  prominent 
  character 
  of 
  these 
  plants. 
  

   Some 
  species 
  are 
  small 
  shrubs, 
  only 
  2 
  or 
  3 
  feet 
  high 
  with 
  a 
  basal 
  

   stem 
  diameter 
  of 
  scarcely 
  1 
  inch, 
  others 
  are 
  trees 
  30 
  feet 
  or 
  more 
  

   high 
  with 
  a 
  basal 
  diameter 
  of 
  the 
  trunk 
  of 
  1 
  foot 
  or 
  more. 
  There 
  

   is 
  no 
  well 
  marked 
  line 
  of 
  distinction 
  between 
  those 
  which 
  are 
  

   classed 
  as 
  trees 
  and 
  those 
  which 
  should 
  be 
  called 
  shrubs. 
  They 
  

   insensibly 
  run 
  together. 
  The 
  same 
  species 
  may 
  be 
  a 
  shrub 
  in 
  one 
  

   place 
  and 
  a 
  tree 
  in 
  another. 
  

  

  The 
  branches 
  of 
  many 
  species 
  are 
  widely 
  spreading 
  giving 
  a 
  

   broad 
  rounded 
  head 
  to 
  the 
  tree 
  similar 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  an 
  appletree. 
  

   Often 
  the 
  lower 
  branches 
  spread 
  horizontally 
  and 
  the 
  upper 
  

   diverge 
  at 
  a 
  small 
  angle 
  giving 
  a 
  more 
  conic 
  outline 
  to 
  the 
  top. 
  

   The 
  punctate 
  thorn 
  usually 
  has 
  most 
  of 
  its 
  branches 
  horizontally 
  

   spreading. 
  This 
  gives 
  it 
  a 
  broad, 
  flattened 
  or 
  depressed 
  head 
  and 
  

   makes 
  the 
  species 
  easily 
  recognizable 
  at 
  a 
  distance. 
  The 
  shrubby 
  

   species 
  branch 
  from 
  the 
  base 
  and 
  when 
  several 
  clumps 
  grow 
  near 
  

   each 
  other 
  they 
  form 
  almost 
  impenetrable 
  thickets. 
  The 
  young- 
  

   shoots 
  of 
  the 
  branches 
  are 
  at 
  first 
  green 
  but 
  with 
  advancing 
  age 
  

   the 
  upper 
  surface 
  gradually 
  assumes 
  a 
  reddish 
  brown 
  or 
  other 
  

   color 
  which 
  later 
  encircles 
  the 
  whole 
  shoot. 
  During 
  the 
  second 
  

   or 
  the 
  second 
  and 
  third 
  years 
  the 
  color 
  becomes, 
  in 
  most 
  species, 
  

   some 
  shade 
  of 
  gray 
  or 
  ashy 
  gray. 
  

  

  The 
  spines 
  that 
  grow 
  from 
  the 
  trunk 
  and 
  branches 
  are 
  modified 
  

   or 
  peculiarly 
  developed 
  branches. 
  They 
  are 
  themselves 
  sometimes 
  

   branched 
  and 
  generally 
  they 
  agree 
  in 
  color 
  with 
  the 
  branch 
  to 
  

   which 
  they 
  are 
  attached. 
  They 
  usually 
  have 
  a 
  bud 
  at 
  one 
  side 
  of 
  

   the 
  base 
  and 
  sometimes 
  one 
  on 
  both 
  sides. 
  These 
  buds 
  develop 
  

  

  