﻿40 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  unharmed 
  and 
  the 
  flowers 
  appeared 
  as 
  usual 
  at 
  a 
  distance, 
  the 
  

   essential 
  organs 
  having 
  been 
  killed, 
  no 
  fruit 
  developed. 
  

  

  Cattle 
  sometimes 
  browse 
  on 
  the 
  twigs 
  of 
  thorn 
  bushes. 
  In 
  such 
  

   cases 
  the 
  injured 
  branches 
  put 
  forth 
  many 
  new 
  shoots 
  which 
  are 
  

   short 
  and 
  dense 
  and 
  form 
  an 
  almost 
  impenetrable 
  surface 
  growth. 
  

   If 
  the 
  bush 
  is 
  low 
  enough 
  to 
  be 
  browsed 
  from 
  top 
  to 
  bottom 
  it 
  

   gradually 
  assumes 
  a 
  conic 
  shape. 
  If 
  it 
  is 
  so 
  tall 
  that 
  cattle 
  can 
  

   not 
  reach 
  the 
  ends 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  branches 
  these 
  continue 
  their 
  

   normal 
  growth 
  and 
  the 
  lower 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  bush 
  assumes 
  a 
  conic 
  

   shape 
  and 
  the 
  dense 
  ramification. 
  The 
  whole 
  bush 
  then 
  appears 
  

   somewhat 
  like 
  two 
  cones 
  with 
  their 
  vertices 
  united, 
  the 
  lower 
  

   with 
  its 
  vertex 
  pointing 
  upward, 
  the 
  upper 
  with 
  its 
  vertex 
  point- 
  

   ing 
  downward 
  as 
  in 
  an 
  hourglass. 
  This 
  behavior 
  of 
  thorn 
  bushes 
  

   under 
  the 
  pruning 
  given 
  them 
  by 
  browsing 
  cattle 
  indicates 
  their 
  

   suitability 
  for 
  hedges. 
  

  

  Herbarium 
  specimens 
  of 
  species 
  of 
  this 
  genus 
  should 
  be 
  col- 
  

   lected 
  at 
  three 
  different 
  times. 
  The 
  first 
  collection 
  should 
  be 
  

   made 
  when 
  the 
  plant 
  is 
  in 
  flower. 
  This 
  collection 
  will 
  show 
  the 
  

   characters 
  of 
  the 
  flowers, 
  of 
  the 
  young 
  shoots 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  young 
  

   and 
  unfolding 
  leaves. 
  The 
  second 
  should 
  be 
  made 
  when 
  the 
  leaves 
  

   have 
  become 
  fully 
  developed. 
  This 
  will 
  show 
  the 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  

   mature 
  leaves 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  young 
  fruit. 
  The 
  leaves 
  at 
  this 
  time 
  are 
  

   in 
  much 
  better 
  condition 
  than 
  late 
  in 
  the 
  season 
  when 
  the 
  fruit 
  

   is 
  ripe. 
  At 
  this 
  time 
  it 
  is 
  also 
  well 
  to 
  collect 
  specimens 
  of 
  the 
  

   young 
  vigorous 
  shoots, 
  since 
  the 
  leaves 
  on 
  these 
  are 
  often 
  larger 
  

   and 
  differ 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  in 
  shape 
  from 
  those 
  on 
  older 
  and 
  less 
  vigor- 
  

   ous 
  lateral 
  or 
  fertile 
  branches. 
  The 
  third 
  collection 
  should 
  be 
  

   made 
  when 
  the 
  fruit 
  is 
  ripe. 
  Its 
  object 
  should 
  be 
  to 
  get 
  this 
  in 
  

   as 
  good 
  condition 
  as 
  possible. 
  Insect 
  larvae 
  and 
  parasitic 
  fungi 
  

   often 
  injure 
  and 
  deform 
  the 
  fruit 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  well 
  to 
  select 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  

   possible 
  such 
  specimens 
  as 
  are 
  most 
  free 
  from 
  these 
  pests. 
  Some- 
  

   times 
  nearly 
  every 
  fruit 
  on 
  a 
  shrub 
  or 
  tree 
  is 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  injured 
  

   by 
  them. 
  In 
  some 
  species 
  the 
  fruit 
  ripens 
  very 
  late. 
  In 
  such 
  

   cases 
  the 
  leaves 
  are 
  ready 
  to 
  fall 
  or 
  have 
  already 
  partly 
  fallen 
  

   when 
  the 
  fruit 
  is 
  ripe. 
  Specimens 
  bearing 
  ripe 
  fruit 
  should 
  not 
  

   be 
  severely 
  pressed 
  lest 
  the 
  fruit 
  be 
  crushed. 
  It 
  is 
  well 
  to 
  dry 
  

  

  