﻿METALLIC 
  ORNAMENTS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  INDIANS 
  43 
  

  

  011 
  the 
  surface. 
  They 
  may 
  be 
  considered 
  mere 
  ornaments. 
  This 
  

   also 
  appears 
  from 
  Sir 
  William 
  Johnson's 
  journal 
  of 
  Sep. 
  17, 
  1761, 
  

   when 
  he 
  left 
  some 
  at 
  Detroit 
  for 
  purposes 
  of 
  trade. 
  They 
  were 
  to 
  

   be 
  sent 
  to 
  Mackinac] 
  He 
  said: 
  " 
  I 
  counted 
  out 
  and 
  delivered 
  to 
  Mr 
  

   Croghan 
  some 
  silver 
  works, 
  viz, 
  150 
  earbobs, 
  200 
  brooches 
  or 
  breast 
  

   buckles, 
  and 
  90 
  large 
  crosses, 
  all 
  of 
  silver, 
  to 
  be 
  sent 
  to 
  Ensign 
  

   Gorrel." 
  Stone. 
  Johnson, 
  2 
  464 
  

  

  The 
  smaller 
  silver 
  crosses 
  are 
  usually 
  ornamental, 
  and 
  have 
  from 
  

   one 
  to 
  three 
  crossbars. 
  Those 
  with 
  two 
  are 
  most 
  common, 
  and 
  

   have 
  been 
  widely 
  distributed. 
  A 
  fictitious 
  antiquity 
  and 
  rarity 
  have 
  

   been 
  ascribed 
  to 
  these 
  under 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  the 
  patriarchal 
  cross. 
  All 
  

   of 
  the 
  writer's 
  examples 
  he 
  had 
  of 
  the 
  Onondaga 
  Indians, 
  as 
  stated 
  

   before. 
  

  

  Air 
  David 
  Boyle 
  figured 
  a 
  fine 
  double-barred 
  silver 
  cross 
  from 
  

   Beausoleil 
  island 
  in 
  the 
  Georgian 
  bay. 
  It 
  is 
  like 
  fig. 
  207 
  but 
  larger, 
  

   being 
  4^ 
  inches 
  high. 
  Two 
  others 
  were 
  with 
  it. 
  He 
  said 
  of 
  this: 
  

  

  Double-barred 
  crosses 
  of 
  this 
  kind 
  are 
  now, 
  it 
  seems, 
  unknown 
  in 
  

   connection 
  with 
  Catholic 
  worship, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  somewhat 
  singular 
  that, 
  

   since 
  we 
  received 
  these 
  relics 
  of 
  the 
  old 
  Hurons, 
  another 
  one 
  almost 
  

   identical 
  in 
  size 
  and 
  pattern 
  should 
  have 
  found 
  its 
  way 
  to 
  our 
  col- 
  

   lection 
  from 
  the 
  Northwest, 
  where 
  it 
  was 
  picked 
  up 
  during 
  the 
  late 
  

   rebellion. 
  . 
  . 
  Regarding 
  the 
  peculiar 
  form 
  of 
  cross 
  from 
  Beau- 
  

   soleil 
  island, 
  Dean 
  Harris 
  of 
  St 
  Catharines, 
  writes: 
  This 
  small, 
  

   dual 
  cross 
  is 
  permitted 
  to 
  be 
  worn 
  only 
  by 
  patriarchs 
  of 
  the 
  Latin 
  

   church. 
  It 
  is 
  also 
  sometimes 
  carried 
  as 
  a 
  processional 
  cross, 
  and, 
  

   as 
  Richelieu 
  was 
  bishop 
  and 
  cardinal, 
  it 
  is 
  possible 
  that 
  he 
  used 
  such 
  

   a 
  cross 
  either 
  as 
  pectoral 
  or 
  processional. 
  In 
  all 
  probability 
  these 
  

   ornaments 
  were 
  sent 
  out 
  to 
  Canada 
  during 
  his 
  regime, 
  and, 
  receiving 
  

   the 
  blessing 
  of 
  the 
  priest 
  among 
  the' 
  Hurons, 
  would 
  have 
  served 
  the 
  

   double 
  purpose 
  of 
  being 
  ornamental 
  and 
  of 
  being 
  used 
  in 
  devotion." 
  

   Boyle, 
  1 
  89 
  1, 
  p. 
  64 
  

  

  As 
  Richelieu 
  died 
  in 
  1642 
  and 
  the 
  Hurons 
  were 
  overthrown 
  at 
  

   the 
  close 
  of 
  that 
  decade, 
  while 
  this 
  form 
  of 
  silver 
  ornament 
  did 
  not 
  

   come 
  into 
  use 
  among 
  the 
  Indians 
  till 
  a 
  century 
  later, 
  this 
  ingenious 
  

   conjecture 
  fails; 
  but 
  the 
  writer 
  has 
  shown 
  that 
  the 
  double-barred 
  

   crucifix 
  was 
  used 
  in 
  New 
  York 
  in 
  the 
  17th 
  century. 
  The 
  makers 
  of 
  

   mere 
  ornaments 
  since 
  then 
  had 
  little 
  care 
  for 
  the 
  original 
  use 
  or 
  

   meaning 
  of 
  articles, 
  so 
  long 
  as 
  they 
  were 
  attractive 
  to 
  the 
  eye, 
  and 
  

   would 
  sell. 
  

  

  