﻿7 
  s 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  The 
  brooch 
  proper 
  has 
  a 
  central 
  opening, 
  across 
  which 
  a 
  tongue 
  

   extends, 
  like 
  that 
  of 
  a 
  buckle. 
  The 
  cloth 
  is 
  pinched 
  up 
  and 
  passed 
  

   through 
  this 
  opening, 
  the 
  tongue 
  penetrating 
  it 
  twice, 
  when 
  it 
  is 
  

   drawn 
  back, 
  and 
  the 
  brooch 
  is 
  firmly 
  in 
  place. 
  When 
  they 
  were 
  

   plentiful, 
  the 
  smaller 
  ones 
  were 
  usually 
  arranged 
  in 
  two 
  lines 
  down 
  

   the 
  center 
  of 
  the 
  overskirt 
  in 
  front, 
  and 
  across 
  the 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  

   edge. 
  The 
  larger 
  ones 
  were 
  reserved 
  for 
  the 
  upper 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  

   dress. 
  Sometimes 
  small 
  ones 
  were 
  arranged 
  on 
  ribbons. 
  Most 
  of 
  

   the 
  smaller 
  forms 
  were 
  very 
  abundant. 
  In 
  those 
  of 
  similar 
  outline 
  

   quite 
  a 
  variety 
  was 
  obtained 
  by 
  varying 
  the 
  perforations 
  and 
  the 
  

   surface 
  ornamentation. 
  The 
  latter 
  was 
  mostly 
  made 
  with 
  punches, 
  

   but 
  the 
  graver 
  was 
  occasionally 
  used. 
  Those 
  formed 
  of 
  brass 
  are 
  

   extremely 
  rare, 
  the 
  writer 
  having 
  obtained 
  but 
  two 
  among 
  the 
  

   hundreds 
  of 
  silver 
  ones 
  which 
  he 
  has 
  seen. 
  There 
  are 
  early 
  ex- 
  

   amples 
  in 
  graves. 
  Of 
  these 
  the 
  writer 
  has 
  seen 
  several 
  from 
  graves 
  

   in 
  Wisconsin. 
  They 
  were 
  mostly 
  circular, 
  but 
  one 
  stellar 
  brooch 
  

   had 
  broad 
  and 
  short 
  rays. 
  

  

  Preliminary 
  to 
  further 
  descriptions 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  said 
  that 
  Mrs 
  Harriet 
  

   Maxwell 
  Converse 
  furnished 
  an 
  illustrated 
  paper 
  on 
  " 
  The 
  Iroquois 
  

   Silver 
  Brooches 
  "' 
  for 
  the 
  State 
  Museum 
  report 
  for 
  1900. 
  Many 
  of 
  

   the 
  illustrations 
  will 
  be 
  recognized 
  here, 
  nearly 
  half 
  coming 
  from 
  

   the 
  writer's 
  collection 
  and 
  the 
  remainder, 
  also 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  paper 
  

   mentioned, 
  from 
  that 
  of 
  Mrs 
  Converse, 
  there 
  being 
  a 
  mutual 
  inter- 
  

   change 
  of 
  figures. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  31 
  is 
  a 
  line 
  brass 
  brooch 
  which 
  the 
  writer 
  obtained 
  at 
  Onon- 
  

   daga. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  circular 
  ornament 
  of 
  good 
  size, 
  with 
  crenulated 
  and 
  

   embossed 
  edge. 
  To 
  show 
  the 
  rarity 
  of 
  this 
  material 
  employed 
  in 
  

   such 
  a 
  use. 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  said 
  that 
  an 
  Indian 
  friend 
  was 
  surprised 
  at 
  it, 
  

   never 
  having 
  seen 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  kind 
  before. 
  The 
  writer 
  afterward 
  

   secured 
  another 
  circular 
  brooch 
  of 
  brass 
  which 
  was 
  plain 
  and 
  much 
  

   smaller. 
  

  

  The 
  simplest 
  and 
  perhaps 
  earliest 
  form 
  of 
  the 
  brooch 
  seems 
  to 
  

   have 
  been 
  that 
  called 
  the 
  round 
  buckle, 
  allusions 
  to 
  which 
  have 
  

   been 
  quoted 
  from 
  several 
  authors. 
  It 
  is 
  frequent 
  yet, 
  either 
  plain 
  

   or 
  ornamented. 
  With 
  the 
  three 
  double-barred 
  silver 
  crosses, 
  de- 
  

   scribed 
  by 
  Mr 
  Boyle 
  in 
  Canada, 
  was 
  a 
  piece 
  of 
  cloth 
  decorated 
  with 
  

   20 
  of 
  these. 
  Dr 
  Evarts. 
  of 
  Silver 
  Creek 
  X. 
  Y.. 
  showed 
  the 
  writer 
  

  

  