﻿I46 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  In 
  old 
  times 
  the 
  totems 
  appeared 
  on 
  every 
  house, 
  but 
  the 
  

   Mohawks 
  at 
  first 
  had 
  a 
  village 
  for 
  each 
  clan. 
  This 
  soon 
  ceased. 
  

   When 
  a 
  clan 
  seemed 
  dying 
  out, 
  it 
  might 
  be 
  replenished 
  from 
  

   others. 
  At 
  one 
  time 
  the 
  Mohawks 
  preserved 
  the 
  Oneida 
  nation 
  

   in 
  this 
  way, 
  supplying 
  husbands 
  for 
  the 
  women. 
  

  

  The 
  principal 
  chiefs 
  were 
  unequally 
  distributed 
  among 
  the 
  

   clans, 
  and 
  some 
  had 
  none 
  at 
  all. 
  This 
  has 
  been 
  thought 
  proof 
  

   that 
  these 
  originated 
  after 
  the 
  formation 
  of 
  the 
  league. 
  In 
  later 
  

   days 
  there 
  have 
  been 
  changes, 
  and 
  offices 
  are 
  not 
  now 
  always 
  in 
  

   the 
  clans 
  to 
  which 
  they 
  first 
  belonged. 
  

  

  David 
  Cusick, 
  a 
  native 
  Tuscarora, 
  said 
  that 
  " 
  each 
  nation 
  con- 
  

   tains 
  sets 
  of 
  generations 
  or 
  tribes, 
  viz 
  : 
  Otter, 
  Bear, 
  Wolf, 
  Beaver, 
  

   Turtle. 
  Each 
  tribe 
  has 
  two 
  chiefs 
  to 
  settle 
  disputes." 
  School- 
  

   craft 
  found 
  Eels 
  resident 
  among 
  the 
  Tuscaroras, 
  but, 
  in 
  the 
  face 
  

   of 
  all 
  history, 
  said 
  it 
  was 
  not 
  an 
  Iroquois 
  clan 
  totem. 
  Charlevoix 
  

   spoke 
  of 
  the 
  division 
  of 
  the 
  Iroquois 
  Turtle 
  clan 
  nearly 
  two 
  cen- 
  

   turies 
  ago 
  : 
  "The 
  family 
  of 
  the 
  Tortoise 
  is 
  split 
  into 
  two 
  branches, 
  

   called 
  the 
  Great 
  and 
  Little 
  Tortoise. 
  The 
  chief 
  of 
  each 
  family 
  

   bears 
  its 
  name, 
  and 
  in 
  all 
  public 
  deeds 
  he 
  is 
  called 
  by 
  no 
  other." 
  

   The 
  latter 
  branch 
  is 
  the 
  Ball 
  clan 
  of 
  some 
  writers, 
  a 
  name 
  derived 
  

   from 
  a 
  Hiawatha 
  legend. 
  

  

  Those 
  who 
  have 
  treated 
  of 
  the 
  Iroquois 
  system' 
  as 
  a 
  carefully 
  

   arranged 
  and 
  artificial 
  plan, 
  rather 
  than 
  a 
  natural 
  growth, 
  have 
  

   had 
  much 
  to 
  say 
  on 
  the 
  wisdom 
  of 
  the 
  totemic 
  bond, 
  supposing 
  

   that 
  its 
  great 
  advantages 
  had 
  been 
  foreseen. 
  All 
  members 
  of 
  a 
  

   clan 
  were 
  considered 
  near 
  relatives 
  ; 
  the 
  three 
  principal 
  clans 
  

   belonged 
  to 
  all 
  the 
  nations, 
  and 
  their 
  supposed 
  family 
  relationship 
  

   and 
  actual 
  friendship 
  seemed 
  to 
  bind 
  all 
  together. 
  The 
  rule 
  

   against 
  marrying 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  clan 
  made 
  another 
  link. 
  There 
  

   was 
  no 
  household 
  which 
  did 
  not 
  belong 
  to 
  two 
  or 
  more 
  clans. 
  

   If 
  a 
  man 
  might 
  not 
  have 
  a 
  place 
  in 
  the 
  Grand 
  Council 
  by 
  reason 
  

   of 
  his 
  clan, 
  his 
  son 
  possibly 
  might, 
  for 
  father 
  and 
  child 
  were 
  

   never 
  of 
  the 
  same. 
  The 
  children 
  followed 
  the 
  mother's 
  side 
  in 
  

   nation 
  and 
  tribe, 
  thus 
  enhancing 
  her 
  dignity. 
  In 
  many 
  such 
  

   ways 
  the 
  clan 
  strengthened 
  the 
  league. 
  A 
  wise 
  plan 
  would 
  have 
  

   required 
  each 
  one 
  of 
  these 
  everywhere, 
  but 
  they 
  came 
  in 
  a 
  simple 
  

  

  