﻿HISTORY 
  OF 
  THE 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  IROQUOIS 
  339 
  

  

  The 
  Cayugas, 
  40 
  miles 
  beyond, 
  had 
  a 
  pipe 
  for 
  their 
  symbol. 
  

   The 
  Senecas 
  were 
  the 
  farthest 
  and 
  most 
  numerous 
  of 
  the 
  Iro- 
  

   quois, 
  with 
  several 
  towns 
  and 
  symbols, 
  of 
  which 
  little 
  could 
  be 
  

   understood. 
  

  

  The 
  sachem's 
  authority 
  was 
  greatest 
  in 
  the 
  most 
  distant 
  

   nations. 
  Nearer 
  by 
  he 
  had 
  but 
  little. 
  Sachems 
  were 
  usually 
  

   chosen 
  in 
  public 
  assemblies, 
  but 
  some 
  had 
  office 
  by 
  inheritance. 
  

   The 
  chief 
  sachem 
  was 
  often 
  called 
  king. 
  

  

  The 
  Indians 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  St 
  Lawrence, 
  west 
  of 
  the 
  Great 
  lakes, 
  

   on 
  the 
  New 
  England 
  coast 
  and 
  in 
  Ohio, 
  spoke 
  a 
  language 
  radi- 
  

   cally 
  the 
  same 
  and 
  could 
  communicate 
  ; 
  while 
  the 
  Six 
  Nations 
  

   in 
  their 
  midst 
  could 
  not 
  convey 
  a 
  single 
  idea 
  to 
  them, 
  or 
  speak 
  

   a 
  word 
  of 
  their 
  language 
  correctly. 
  They 
  had 
  no 
  letters, 
  but 
  

   used 
  hieroglyphics, 
  of 
  which 
  he 
  gave 
  instances. 
  Red 
  was 
  a 
  sign 
  

   of 
  war 
  ; 
  castles 
  were 
  square 
  white 
  figures 
  ; 
  alliances 
  were 
  shown 
  

   by 
  human 
  figures 
  holding 
  a 
  belt 
  ; 
  a 
  hatchet 
  meant 
  war 
  ; 
  and 
  

   their 
  totems 
  showed 
  their 
  names 
  or 
  clans. 
  

  

  The 
  Rev. 
  Charles 
  Inglis 
  had 
  visited 
  Johnson 
  in 
  1770, 
  and 
  in 
  

   1771 
  wrote 
  a 
  memorial 
  to 
  the 
  British 
  prime 
  minister 
  on 
  con- 
  

   verting 
  and 
  civilizing 
  the 
  Indians, 
  to 
  which 
  Guy 
  Johnson 
  added 
  

   a 
  map 
  of 
  their 
  country, 
  having 
  many 
  interesting 
  features. 
  The 
  

   memorial 
  embodied 
  much 
  of 
  Johnson's 
  own 
  experience 
  and 
  

   ideas. 
  Inglis 
  had 
  this 
  " 
  copied 
  out 
  fair 
  in 
  a 
  good 
  hand, 
  and 
  in 
  

   a 
  quarto 
  size 
  ; 
  and 
  having 
  a 
  marble 
  cover, 
  with 
  Col. 
  Johnson's 
  

   accurate 
  map 
  prefixed, 
  it 
  made 
  a 
  handsome 
  looking 
  pamphlet." 
  

  

  Meanwhile 
  the 
  Rev. 
  Mr 
  Stuart 
  was 
  preaching 
  acceptably 
  to 
  

   the 
  English, 
  Dutch 
  and 
  Mohawks, 
  and 
  acquiring 
  the 
  Mohawk 
  

   language. 
  The 
  following 
  winter 
  he 
  visited 
  Joseph 
  Brant 
  at 
  

   Canajoharie, 
  who 
  afterward 
  lived 
  with 
  him 
  and 
  aided 
  in 
  new 
  

   translations 
  and 
  revisions. 
  When 
  they 
  had 
  finished 
  the 
  Gospel 
  

   of 
  St 
  Mark, 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  Acts, 
  a 
  short 
  history 
  of 
  the 
  Bible, 
  an 
  

   explanation 
  of 
  the 
  catechism, 
  and 
  some 
  additions 
  to 
  the 
  Mohawk 
  

   prayer 
  book, 
  Stuart 
  had 
  orders 
  to 
  have 
  them 
  printed 
  in 
  New 
  York 
  

   at 
  the 
  expense 
  of 
  the 
  S. 
  P. 
  G. 
  The 
  Revolution 
  prevented 
  this, 
  

   but 
  he 
  took 
  the 
  manuscripts 
  to 
  Canada 
  and 
  gave 
  them 
  to 
  Col. 
  

   Daniel 
  Claus, 
  who 
  afterward 
  took 
  them 
  to 
  England. 
  Part 
  of 
  

  

  