﻿39° 
  N£ 
  W 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  After 
  the 
  colonial 
  period, 
  there 
  were 
  new 
  efforts 
  in 
  the 
  way 
  

   of 
  Indian 
  education, 
  often 
  of 
  a 
  mere 
  personal 
  character 
  and 
  with- 
  

   out 
  permanence. 
  State 
  aid 
  was 
  first 
  given 
  not 
  very 
  long 
  ago, 
  

   and 
  for 
  a 
  time 
  was 
  of 
  a 
  very 
  cheap 
  kind. 
  It 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  all 
  

   that 
  is 
  needed 
  yet; 
  but 
  those 
  who 
  have 
  known 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  

   reservations 
  for 
  60 
  years 
  are 
  well 
  aware 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  advance 
  made. 
  

  

  As 
  nearly 
  as 
  could 
  be 
  learned 
  in 
  1890, 
  the 
  Six 
  Nations 
  fur- 
  

   nished 
  for 
  the 
  Civil 
  War 
  162 
  soldiers 
  and 
  sailors 
  ; 
  the 
  Onondagas 
  

   16, 
  the 
  Senecas 
  113, 
  the 
  Tuscaroras 
  10, 
  and 
  the 
  St 
  Regis 
  23. 
  

   These 
  were 
  not 
  in 
  one 
  organization, 
  but 
  enlisted 
  in 
  various 
  regi- 
  

   ments. 
  One 
  noted 
  Seneca 
  chief, 
  Donehogawa, 
  or 
  Ely 
  S. 
  Parker, 
  

   served 
  on 
  General 
  Grant's 
  staff 
  and 
  was 
  a 
  man 
  of 
  good 
  education. 
  

  

  The 
  Onondagas 
  have 
  27 
  chiefs, 
  the 
  ruling 
  ones 
  chosen 
  by 
  the 
  

   women 
  of 
  the 
  clan 
  represented. 
  These 
  usually 
  hold 
  office 
  till 
  

   death 
  or 
  deposition, 
  and 
  boys 
  may 
  be 
  chosen, 
  but 
  can 
  not 
  vote 
  

   on 
  financial 
  affairs. 
  There 
  are 
  now 
  a 
  president, 
  secretary, 
  

   treasurer 
  and 
  other 
  officers. 
  The 
  Tonawanda 
  Senecas 
  have 
  34 
  

   chiefs, 
  chosen 
  by 
  the 
  women 
  of 
  the 
  vacant 
  clans, 
  but 
  the 
  chiefs 
  

   in 
  office 
  may 
  demand 
  a 
  reconsideration. 
  The 
  people 
  vote 
  for 
  

   executive 
  officers. 
  The 
  Allegany 
  and 
  Cattaraugus 
  Senecas 
  are 
  

   legally 
  incorporated 
  as 
  " 
  The 
  Seneca 
  Nation," 
  with 
  a 
  constitu- 
  

   tion, 
  a 
  council 
  of 
  16 
  members, 
  half 
  elected 
  every 
  year, 
  and 
  a 
  

   president. 
  Expenditures 
  of 
  over 
  $500 
  require 
  a 
  popular 
  vote. 
  

  

  The 
  Tuscaroras 
  have 
  their 
  ancient 
  chiefs, 
  chosen 
  by 
  the 
  

   women. 
  The 
  St 
  Regis 
  Indians 
  were 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  Seven 
  Nations 
  

   of 
  Canada, 
  always 
  with 
  a 
  peculiar 
  government, 
  and 
  now 
  having 
  

   trustees 
  annually 
  elected. 
  

  

  Inquiry 
  was 
  diligently 
  made 
  respecting 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  recog- 
  

   nized 
  immoral 
  characters 
  living 
  on 
  the 
  respective 
  reservations. 
  

   These 
  inquiries 
  were 
  made 
  with 
  the 
  population 
  list 
  in 
  mind, 
  and 
  

   always 
  of 
  different 
  persons. 
  There 
  was 
  an 
  almost 
  invariable 
  

   concurrence 
  of 
  testimony, 
  specifying 
  how 
  many 
  and 
  who 
  openly 
  

   violated 
  the 
  laws 
  of 
  chastity. 
  The 
  largest 
  estimate 
  for 
  any 
  reser- 
  

   vation 
  was 
  less 
  than 
  20; 
  at 
  some 
  reservations 
  not 
  even 
  six 
  could 
  

   be 
  named. 
  . 
  . 
  The 
  people 
  of 
  the 
  Six 
  Nations, 
  with 
  all 
  their 
  

   unhappy 
  surroundings 
  and 
  poverty, 
  in 
  this 
  matter 
  have 
  suffered 
  

   opprobium 
  beyond 
  their 
  true 
  desert 
  in 
  the 
  judgment 
  of 
  Christian 
  

   America. 
  

  

  