210 PEOCEEDiNGS OP THE aEOLoaicAL SOCIETY. [Feb. 24, 



Ireland were covered with an ice-mantle at the same time that the 

 Mammoth, E,eindeer, and other Postglacial animals were living in 

 the lower and less inclement districts. The evidence of distribution 

 is most important in carrying out this correlation. 



§ 9. Relation of Postglacial to Preglaeial Mammals. — We have 

 now to discuss the relation of the Postglacial mammals to those 

 that inhabited the counties of Norfolk and Suffolk, and roamed over 

 the ancient plain which extended from the Wash to the mouth of 

 the Rhine in Preglacial times. Pirst of all we must define what the 

 Pregiacial mammals are. The following very incomplete list is the 

 result of the examination of all the remains from the Porest-bed in 

 the King, Gunn, Gurney, and Layton collections, and in the Museums 

 of London, Oxford, Cambridge, and Norwich, as well as those in pri- 

 vate hands in Cromer and Yarmouth. 



List of Preglacial Mammals. 



TJrsus Arvernensis. 



TJ. spelaeus (PEtruscus). 



Sorex. 



Mygale moschata. 



Talpa Europaea. 



Cervus megaceros ? 



C. capreolus. 



C. elaphus. 



C. Sedgwickii. 



C. Ardeus. 



Bos primigenius. 

 Hippopotamus major. 

 Equus fossilis. 

 Rhinoceros megarhinus. 

 R. Etruscus. 

 Elephas antiquus. 

 E. m.eridionalis. 

 Arvicola amphibia. 

 Castor fiber. 

 Troffontherium Cuvieri. 



Besides these, there are many specific forms which cannot be de- 

 termined until thej'" have been carefully compared with those of the 

 Pliocenes of the South of Prance and Lombardy. To this list Dr. 

 Falconer would add the Mammoth ; but a careful investigation into 

 the evidence which was supposed to establish its Preglacial age has 

 convinced me that the inference is faulty. The specimens reputed 

 to come from the forest-bed are, in every case, mere waifs and strays 

 thrown up by the sea between high- and low-water mark, or very 

 possibly derived from the gravels and sands above the boulder-clay. 

 The remains dredged up from the bed of the sea, in the collection of 

 Mr. Owles, establish the fact that a Postglacial deposit containing 

 Reindeer, Tichorhine Rhinoceros, and Mammoth exists off Yarmouth, 

 which very probably was the source whence some of the drifted re- 

 mains were ultimately derived. 



Out of these nineteen animals that inhabited Britain before the 

 deposit of the boulder-clay, all but seven survived the great Glacial 

 change, and formed an integral portion of the Postglacial fauna. 

 The seven exceptions consist of TJrsus Arvernensis, Phinoceros Etrus- 

 cus, Elephas meridionalis, Cervus ardeus, Cervus SedgwicTcii, Trogon- 

 therium, and Mygale moschata, the latter of which still flourishes on 

 the banks of the Don and Yolga. To these the Pliocene species 

 Phinoceros megarhinus might have been added, had it not occurred in 

 the Lower brickearths of the Thames Yalley. The eleven or twelve 

 survivors bind together indissolubly the Pre- and Postglacial groups, 

 and forbid the idea of the existence of any gap or lacuna which 



