420 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [June,23, 



c. Glaciated Rock -surfaces near XJlverstone. — To the north of Ulver- 

 stone, between Arrad Poot and Penny Bridge, and near to a house 

 called Gawith Pield, I saw one of the finest specimens to be met 

 with in this country of a broadly and regularly grooved surface. The 

 flutings were on the whitened face of a block of dark grey porphyry 

 which had been built into a wall. But the most extensively gla- 

 ciated rock-surfaces in the Purness peninsula may be seen on the 

 sea-coast between Bardsea and Baycliff. The Boulder-clay, locally 

 called " pinel," has been stripped off the glaciated rocks by the sea. 

 The striserun approximately N. and S., or between IS^. andS. and N.N.E. 

 and S.S.W.; but in many places the lines cross each other at small 

 angles in a very confused manner, as if the icy handle of the graving 

 tool had moved unsteadily. Some of the boulders may be seen with 

 striations crossing each other at angles amounting to 15°. In many 

 places under the pinel the limestone-rock is not glaciated. These 

 facts ought to be mentioned, as they bear more or less on the ques- 

 tion of the origin of the pinel. Near Baycliff an observer, if he has 

 not been forewarned, may become painfully acquainted with the 

 most perfect specimen of a polished rock-surface perhaps to be found 

 in this country *. Over a number of square yards the compact 

 limestone has received so high a degree of polish that no one can 

 walk on it without running a great chance of falling. 



d. Lower Boulder-clay or "Pi7iel " betiueen Bardsea and Baycliff — 

 Indications of stratification.— ^On the east coast of the Purness pe- 

 ninsula the sea has exposed a fine section of pinel which reaches 

 the thickness of about 20 feet. It commences a short distance to 

 the south of Bardsea, and extends with little interruption to the 

 south of Baycliff. In some places it is little more than a confused 

 mass of limestone-debris apparently torn up from the underlying- 

 strata ; in other places the stones are subangular ; generally speak- 

 ing they are more or less rounded, and occasionally as much so as 

 ordinary beach-gravel. The stones are chiefly limestone, the same 

 as the rock below ; but many of them have come from the Silurian 

 slate-district to the north. Sometimes the limestone, sometimes the 

 Silurian boulders are the most rounded or the most angular, as if 

 rounding did not depend on the distance travelled. In a few places 

 there is the appearance of a line of demarcation between the hard or 

 lower and the rubbly or upper part of the deposit, as if the latter 

 represented the Upper Boulder-clay. Generally speaking, there is a 

 well-defined line of separation between the pinel and the underlying 

 limestone-rock, which is here and there, not everywhere, glaciated, 

 as before remarked. The main character of the pinel may be de- 

 scribed as a mass of excessively hard yellowish-brown clay packed 

 full of stones of various sizes, including numerous large boulders. In 

 some places it would be more correct to call it a conglomerate or 



* Miss E. Hodgson, a talented local authoress, drew attention to this or to some 

 neighbouring specimen of glaciated rock in the last volume of ' The G-eologist,' 

 and gave a well- written account of the drifts around Ulverstone at a time when 

 the relative age and character of the drift-deposits of Lancashire were little un- 

 derstood. 



