1869.] MACKINTOSH LANCASHIRE AND CUMBERLAND DRIFTS. 425 



liquely to the slope of the hill. This looked like an instance of gla- 

 ciation by the grounding of floating ice during the Upper-Boulder- 

 clay period. Between the base of the slope and Dunnerholme, 

 though stones of granite (fee. may be found, few sections of drift have 

 been exposed, so as to reveal the distinction between Boulder-clay 

 and postglacial or recent marine deposits. 



i. Dnft Capping of Dunnerliolme. — Dunnerholme is surrounded on 

 three sides by sea, and on one side by land which has evidently been 

 sea at no very remote period. The limestone strata mainly dip 

 S.W., but towards the western side S.E. It is cliffed all round. The 

 highest part of this semi-island is about 70 feet above the sea. It 

 is more or less covered with Upper Boulder-- drift from 2 to 5 feet 

 thick. The drift, a red loamy clay, is well charged with rounded 

 and half-rounded stones, many of them much more rounded than 

 those now washed by the sea at the foot of the cliff. The stones 

 consist of slate, porphyry, &c., with a small percentage of granite. 

 The drift rests on a smoothed, hollowed, and funnelled limestone- 

 surface, as before remarked. It is difficult to explain the presence 

 of drift in such a perched position without supposing that the pla- 

 teau once graduated into the neighbouring ground, and that since 

 the deposition of the drift the sea has encroached all round so as 

 to leave a bounding line of cliff. But if so, the conclusion can 

 scarcely be resisted that isolated drift- covered plateaux in inland 

 and upland regions must have been circumdenuded by the sea. 



On the road between Dunnerholme and Dalton granitic boulders 

 are common. Upper Boulder- clay, with its usual accompaniment of 

 brick-pits, undoubtedly runs along the shore of the Duddon estuary 

 to Barrow ; but in the central part of the Furness peninsula the drift 

 (where it is not decided pinel or cleanly washed sand and gravel) is 

 so tinged with red oxide of iron from the older haematitic deposits, 

 and is so inconstant in its character, as to render the task of corre- 

 lating it very difficult. It varies from angular detritus and red loam 

 to red gravelly clay. On the watershed between Ulverstone and 

 Barrow the furthest east specimen of granitic drift I could find was 

 near the village of Stainton. But though granite in Furness may 

 be regarded as an indication of Upper Boulder- clay, it does not fol- 

 low that the upper-drift sea extended no farther eastwards, but 

 merely that the ice -la den current from the mountain source of the 

 granite had here its boundary. I have not seen the clay on the 

 coast at Eampside, near the southern point of the Furness peninsula, 

 but, from information received, have no doubt that it is of Upper- 

 Boulder age. Neither have I seen the sand hills to the south-east 

 of Barrow. 



j. Upper Boulder-clay at Barroiv. — At the Dalton-road brick- 

 pit, Barrow, the Upper Boulder-clay appears in such fall force as to 

 justify the epithet applied to it in the S.E. of England by Mr. Searles Y. 

 Wood, jun., — " The Boulder-clay." As usual it is comparatively 

 sandy, soft, or loose in the upper part, and more argillaceous or 

 marly and solid lower down. Near the surface, it is here of a dun 

 bluish-brown colour, the bluish tinge increasing downwards. Its 



