1869.] MACKINTOSH— LANCASHEaE AND CUMBERLAND DRIFTS. 427 



of the Ireleth Iron Company's bore-holes at Askham Wood, near Ire- 

 leth railway-station, in the basin of the Duddon (it was kindly fur- 

 nished to me by Mr. Salmon, F.G.S. ; the foot-notes are my own) : — 



Sand 



* Dark Clay 



r Grave], 9; Clay, 3; Quick- 

 I sand, 6 ; Clay, 5 



feet. 

 15 



51 



Quicksand 



Brown Clay 



23 



21 



181 



6. Driets oe Whicham Valley 



AND BlACKCOMBE. 



On the way from Green Road 

 station to Blackcombe, near a 

 hamlet called the Green, a gravel- 

 pit in the side of a mound shows 

 a section of real typical hard pi- 

 nel with sand-seams. I was in- 

 formed that in the neighbourhood 

 there was often a considerable 

 thickness of sand under the pinel. 

 On arriving at the mouth of the 

 Whicham Mill ravine, which runs 

 up into the heart of Blackcombe, 

 I was somewhat surprised to find 

 a considerable thickness of pinel 

 graduating upwards into what, 

 for want of a better name, I shall 

 call chip- and splinter-drift. Still 

 higher up, the sides of the ravine 

 seemed to consist of pinel, hard 

 at the bottom, and looser towards 

 the top. Immense boulders of 

 porphj^ry |j were here and there 

 exposed in the channel of the 

 brook. The boulders were both 

 rounded and angular. The drift 

 higher up the narrow ravine, so 

 far as its nature could be ob- 

 served, presented the appearance 

 of a mass of triturated slate, clay, 

 and sand. Where the brook from 

 the upland cwm or corry joins 

 the main stream, the drift might 

 pass for Upper Boulder-clay, 

 though it may be only a looser 

 part of the pinel which probably 

 exists underneath. But up to 

 this point it maintains the cha- 

 rater of an undoubted dnft. It 



* Upper Boulder-clay ? 1 



X Lower Boulder-clay ? 



§ Decomposed limestone, such as is found in the Boulder-clay of some of tlie 

 Iron-ore pits in the Liridal district ? 



II As protrusions or dykes of porphyry have been found in this neighbour- 

 hood, we have no need to suppose that these boulders were carried over Black- 

 combe from the north. 



Brown Limestone, 6; Brown 1 

 Clay, 11 ; Limestone, 13; > 

 stopped in Brown Clay. . . J 



30 



|32i 



Variegated middle sand and gravel ? 



VOL. XXV. PART I. 



2g 



