86 ME. E. B. BAILET ON THE STETJCTTJEE OE [vol. Ixxvili, 



tlie lithological distinctions in the critical region prevents Clough. 

 from speaking ' with much confidence ' (1897, p. 87) of this 

 supposed important pre-anticlinal folding ; but he is of opinion 

 that in the neighbourhood of Carrick Castle the fold can be traced 

 with fair certainty, as may be judged from his mapping between 

 Loch Groil and Loch Eck (Sheet 37), and his explanatory section 

 (1897, p. 204). 



We now know of several much clearer examples in the Highland 

 Schists of secondary folds affecting earlier recumbent folds (fig. 1). 

 Clough stands as the original interpreter of this great Secret of 

 the Highlands — although, as he himself admits, the reality of the 

 Carrick-Castle Fold cannot be regarded as beyond question. 



One word more in this connexion. It is undoubtedly true that 

 secondary anticlines and synclines are of more importance to 

 workers in the Scottish Highlands than to others who have 

 really big mountains and deep valleys to assist them ; but such 

 secondary folds are by no means overshadowed, even among 

 the greatest mountains of Europe : a geologist on the shores 

 of the Lake of Geneva may examine at his ease structural units 

 higher than anything that erosion has spared on the summit 

 of Mont Blanc. 



Slides recognized. 



There was one important feature of Highland geology that 

 Clough did not realize during his examination of Cowal, namely, 

 the inconspicuousness and, at the same time, the abundance of 

 fold-faults, or slides, as they are called (1897, p. 88). The slides 

 of the Southern Highlands took place for the greater part under 

 conditions leading to constructive metamorphism, and in conse- 

 quence are much less marked by localized belts of sheared and 

 mylonitic material than their fellows of the North- West. It is 

 not that indications of intense movement are lacking in the 

 vicinity of the slides. On the contrary, they are universally 

 present, but not necessarily in a more pronounced degree than 

 elsewhere in the neighbourhood.^ 



In 1908, very clear evidence north of Loch Leven, in the Balla- 

 chulish district, revealed to me a slide, the continuation of which, 

 I felt certain, traversed Grlen Etive, some 8 miles away, at a locality 

 already mapped in the most minute detail by Clough himself 

 (1909, p. 53). Naturally, Clough was incredulous that what he 

 had missed on the spot could be seen from a distance. But he 

 visited the exposures north of Loch Leven, and, after satisfying 

 himself that they left no room for doubt, he assured me that the 

 district would become an object of pilgrimage to an extent greater 

 than the North- West Highlands had ever been, for the story that 

 it had to tell was much more wonderful. 



1 See also 1922, Eeport A, par. 10. 



