﻿VISCERA. 
  51 
  

  

  ablj 
  exceeds 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  abdominal 
  cavity. 
  The 
  lungs 
  

   are 
  smallest 
  in 
  Discoglossits, 
  measuring 
  only 
  about 
  half 
  

   the 
  length 
  of 
  the 
  abdominal 
  cavity 
  in 
  males. 
  

  

  The 
  liver 
  is 
  divided 
  into 
  three 
  lobes, 
  one 
  on 
  the 
  

   right 
  side, 
  two 
  on 
  the 
  left. 
  

  

  The 
  kidneys 
  are 
  elongate^ 
  flattened, 
  red 
  bodies 
  

   attached 
  to 
  the 
  dorsal 
  body-wall, 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  middle 
  

   line, 
  below 
  the 
  vertebral 
  column 
  ; 
  from 
  them 
  the 
  ducts 
  

   or 
  ureters 
  proceed 
  to 
  the 
  cloaca, 
  into 
  which 
  they 
  open 
  

   by 
  two 
  small 
  closely 
  approximated 
  apertures 
  opposite 
  

   the 
  opening 
  of 
  the 
  urinary 
  bladder. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  males 
  the 
  testes 
  lie 
  at 
  the 
  inner 
  side 
  of 
  and 
  

   ventrally 
  to 
  the 
  kidneys, 
  connected 
  with 
  them 
  (except 
  

   in 
  the 
  Biscoglossldpe) 
  by 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  delicate 
  ducts, 
  

   vasa 
  efferentia, 
  which 
  convey 
  the 
  spermatozoa 
  into 
  the 
  

   tubules 
  of 
  the 
  kidneys, 
  from 
  which 
  they 
  escape 
  by 
  the 
  

   ureter. 
  The 
  male 
  reproductive 
  organs 
  differ 
  consider- 
  

   ably 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  species 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  testes, 
  which 
  

   are 
  not 
  always 
  symmetrical, 
  vary 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  

   season 
  and 
  the 
  individual, 
  so 
  that 
  little 
  importance 
  

   can 
  be 
  attached, 
  from 
  the 
  systematic 
  point 
  of 
  view, 
  to 
  

   their 
  size, 
  shape, 
  and 
  pigmentation.* 
  

  

  The 
  ovaries 
  in 
  the 
  female 
  correspond 
  to 
  the 
  testes 
  

   in 
  the 
  male. 
  The 
  oviducts 
  are 
  long, 
  much-convoluted 
  

   tubes, 
  with 
  thick 
  gelatinous 
  walls, 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  ova 
  as 
  

   they 
  descend 
  become 
  coated 
  with 
  their 
  mucilaginous 
  

   envelope 
  ; 
  their 
  open 
  mouths 
  are 
  situated 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  

   roots 
  of 
  the 
  lungs, 
  and 
  their 
  lower 
  ends, 
  much 
  dilated, 
  

   have 
  often 
  been 
  termed, 
  improperly, 
  uterus 
  ; 
  the 
  ovi- 
  

   ducts 
  open, 
  together 
  with 
  the 
  ureters, 
  into 
  the 
  cloaca. 
  

  

  In 
  both 
  sexes 
  two 
  tufts 
  of 
  flattened 
  yellow 
  or 
  orange 
  

   fatty 
  appendages, 
  the 
  corpora 
  adiposa, 
  are 
  attached 
  

   above 
  the 
  genital 
  glands. 
  They 
  vary 
  much 
  in 
  size, 
  

   according 
  to 
  the 
  season, 
  and 
  are 
  most 
  developed 
  just 
  

   before 
  the 
  breeding 
  period. 
  I 
  have 
  seen 
  them 
  of 
  a 
  

   vermilion 
  red 
  in 
  breeding 
  specimens 
  of 
  Bufo 
  calamita. 
  

  

  * 
  I 
  have 
  examined 
  a 
  breeding 
  male, 
  Bufo 
  vulgaris, 
  whose 
  right 
  testicle 
  

   was 
  nniformly 
  yellow, 
  Avhilst 
  the 
  left 
  was 
  closely 
  pigmented 
  on 
  about 
  

   two- 
  thirds 
  of 
  its 
  surface. 
  

  

  