﻿CLASSIFICATION. 
  6 
  

  

  on 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  ' 
  Erpetologie 
  generale/ 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  views 
  

   of 
  J. 
  MiJLLEii 
  (1832), 
  who 
  overrated 
  the 
  taxonomic 
  

   importance 
  of 
  the 
  structure 
  of 
  the 
  ear, 
  and 
  inspired 
  

   the 
  classification 
  followed 
  by 
  Stannius 
  in 
  the 
  ' 
  Zoo- 
  

   tomie 
  der 
  Amphibien,' 
  pubhshed 
  in 
  1854. 
  

  

  The 
  faults 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  classification 
  were 
  further 
  

   developed 
  bj 
  Gunther 
  in 
  1858 
  (' 
  Cat. 
  Batr. 
  Sal.'), 
  

   whose 
  avowedly 
  artificial 
  scheme 
  has 
  been 
  followed 
  by 
  

   Fatio 
  in 
  1872 
  and 
  by 
  De 
  Betta 
  in 
  1874. 
  

  

  Cope's 
  epoch-making 
  classification 
  in 
  1865 
  (' 
  Nat. 
  

   Hist. 
  Review'), 
  based 
  on 
  a 
  correct 
  appreciation 
  of 
  

   the 
  osteological 
  characters, 
  placed 
  the 
  matter 
  on 
  a 
  

   sound 
  footing, 
  and 
  his 
  groupings, 
  slightly 
  modified 
  

   in 
  1867, 
  received 
  confirmation, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  European 
  

   genera 
  are 
  concerned, 
  from 
  Lataste's 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  

   larval 
  characters 
  in 
  1878 
  and 
  1879. 
  In 
  revising 
  the 
  

   classification 
  in 
  1882 
  (' 
  Cat. 
  Batr. 
  Ecaud.') 
  I 
  could 
  

   introduce 
  but 
  slight 
  improvements 
  to 
  Cope's 
  scheme, 
  

   as 
  may 
  be 
  seen 
  from 
  the 
  arrangement 
  followed 
  in 
  this 
  

   work, 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  various 
  groups 
  are 
  placed 
  in 
  

   ascending 
  order. 
  

  

  Frinciijal 
  Schemes 
  of 
  Classification, 
  

  

  1. 
  DuMEEiL 
  and 
  Bibron, 
  1841. 
  

  

  Tongue 
  absent 
  : 
  Phrynaglosses. 
  

  

  witliout 
  disks 
  : 
  Raniformes- 
  

  

  fBana. 
  

   Discoglossus. 
  

   Pelochjtes. 
  

  

  Tongue 
  present 
  : 
  ftoothed 
  ; 
  I 
  Vplnhnfp^ 
  

  

  Phaneroglosses. 
  digits 
  { 
  reiooaies. 
  

  

  jj 
  . 
  • 
  ^1 
  ^ 
  \Bomoinator. 
  

  

  t'r 
  J 
  \ 
  \^witli 
  disks 
  : 
  Hylseformes 
  . 
  Hyla. 
  

  

  Itoothless 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  Bufordformes 
  Bufo. 
  

  

  2. 
  Stannius, 
  1854. 
  

  

  2 
  fabsent: 
  Aglossa. 
  

  

  be 
  

  

  ^ 
  1^ 
  present 
  

   Phanero- 
  

  

  GLOSSA. 
  

  

  Tympanum 
  

  

  absent 
  

  

  Pelohcdoidea 
  

  

  tomna 
  

  

  I 
  not 
  dilated 
  \ 
  ( 
  -, 
  , 
  -„ 
  . 
  

   i 
  1 
  • 
  J 
  absent 
  : 
  Bufc 
  

  

  present 
  ; 
  J 
  manubriums 
  -^ 
  

  

  digits 
  ] 
  sterni 
  Ipresent 
  : 
  Banina 
  

  

  (dilated 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  . 
  Hyloidea 
  

  

  \ 
  Pelohates. 
  

   \Bomhinator 
  

   \ 
  Bufo. 
  

   [Alyies. 
  

  

  Eana 
  

  

  Hyla. 
  

  

  