﻿70 
  INTRODUCTION. 
  

  

  B. 
  The 
  forearms 
  meeting 
  on 
  the 
  pubic 
  region 
  

   (Fig. 
  25, 
  b) 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  Pelodytes, 
  

  

  II. 
  Male 
  holding 
  the 
  female 
  behind 
  or 
  above 
  the 
  

   arms. 
  

  

  A. 
  The 
  hands 
  dug 
  into 
  the 
  axils 
  or 
  just 
  above 
  

  

  them 
  (Fig. 
  26, 
  a). 
  

  

  Bufo 
  vulgaris, 
  B. 
  calamita, 
  Hyla 
  arhorea. 
  

  

  B, 
  The 
  hands 
  pressed 
  against 
  the 
  breast 
  (Fig. 
  

  

  26, 
  b) 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  Bufo 
  viridis, 
  Bana. 
  

  

  Owing 
  to 
  the 
  mode 
  of 
  embrace 
  the 
  fore 
  limbs 
  of 
  

   the 
  males 
  are 
  always 
  stronger 
  than 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  other 
  

   sex, 
  and 
  in 
  some 
  species 
  acquire 
  about 
  the 
  breeding- 
  

   time 
  a 
  great 
  muscular 
  development. 
  The 
  inner 
  side 
  

   of 
  the 
  inner 
  finger 
  may 
  develop 
  a 
  thick 
  pad, 
  supported 
  

   by 
  a 
  corresponding 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  bones 
  of 
  the 
  

   rudimentary 
  pollex 
  and 
  first 
  functional 
  finger, 
  which, 
  

   pressed 
  against 
  the 
  breast 
  or 
  pubic 
  region 
  of 
  the 
  female, 
  

   assists 
  in 
  maintaining 
  the 
  hold, 
  often 
  leaving 
  a 
  deep 
  

   scar 
  if 
  the 
  pairing 
  has 
  been 
  of 
  prolonged 
  duration. 
  

   There 
  are 
  developed 
  in 
  addition 
  temporary 
  horny 
  

   excrescences, 
  in 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  small 
  granules 
  or 
  spines, 
  

   which 
  are 
  present 
  in 
  most 
  species, 
  and 
  afford 
  useful 
  

   characters 
  for 
  their 
  distinction 
  during 
  the 
  breeding 
  

   season. 
  _When 
  this 
  is 
  over 
  the 
  excrescences 
  are 
  shed 
  

   in 
  most 
  species. 
  They, 
  however, 
  often 
  persist 
  through- 
  

   out 
  the 
  year 
  in 
  Biifo, 
  Discoglossus, 
  and 
  Bomhinator. 
  

   These 
  nuptial 
  asperities 
  are 
  absent 
  in 
  Alytes 
  and 
  

   Pelohates, 
  and 
  scarcely 
  distinguishable 
  in 
  our 
  Hyla, 
  

   When 
  present, 
  their 
  shape 
  and 
  coloration, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  

   their 
  distribution 
  on 
  various 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  limbs 
  or 
  even 
  

   of 
  the 
  body, 
  vary 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  species. 
  With 
  

   regard 
  to 
  distribution, 
  we 
  find 
  them 
  located 
  in 
  fully 
  

   developed 
  breeding 
  individuals 
  — 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  inner 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  inner 
  fingers, 
  the 
  ante- 
  

   brachium, 
  the 
  brachium, 
  the 
  breast 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  

   of 
  the 
  arm, 
  the 
  chin, 
  the 
  belly, 
  and 
  along 
  the 
  

   toes 
  (Fig. 
  27, 
  b) 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  Pelodytes. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  inner 
  and 
  upper 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  three 
  inner 
  

  

  