﻿BOMBiNATOR. 
  155 
  

  

  year 
  the 
  yellow 
  pigment 
  extends 
  to 
  the 
  other 
  parts 
  of 
  

   the 
  under 
  surface. 
  The 
  bright 
  colours 
  are 
  never 
  fully 
  

   developed 
  in 
  specimens 
  under 
  20 
  mm. 
  body-length. 
  

  

  The 
  male 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  differs 
  from 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  

   preceding 
  in 
  the 
  total 
  absence 
  of 
  vocal 
  sacs, 
  the 
  sub- 
  

   maxillary 
  muscle 
  being 
  undivided 
  ; 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  presence, 
  

   during 
  the 
  breeding 
  season, 
  of 
  a 
  band 
  of 
  black 
  horny 
  

   excrescences 
  on 
  the 
  inner 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  third 
  finger 
  as 
  

   well 
  as 
  on 
  the 
  first 
  and 
  second, 
  and 
  of 
  small 
  round 
  or 
  

   oval 
  groups 
  of 
  similar 
  excrescences 
  under 
  the 
  penulti- 
  

   mate 
  phalanx 
  of 
  the 
  third, 
  the 
  second 
  and 
  third, 
  or 
  

   the 
  second, 
  third, 
  and 
  fourth 
  toes, 
  as 
  first 
  pointed 
  out 
  

  

  Fig. 
  58. 
  

  

  Lower 
  view 
  of 
  fore 
  limb 
  and 
  foot 
  of 
  male, 
  showing 
  nuptial 
  

  

  excrescences. 
  

  

  by 
  Bruch 
  in 
  1863, 
  although 
  their 
  discovery 
  is 
  usually 
  

   attributed 
  to 
  Leydig, 
  who 
  first 
  gave 
  a 
  figure 
  of 
  them. 
  

   The 
  spiny 
  horny 
  excrescences 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  parts 
  are 
  

   more 
  developed 
  in 
  the 
  males 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  females, 
  the 
  

   difference 
  being 
  most 
  marked 
  during 
  the 
  breeding 
  

   season, 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  these 
  excrescences 
  being- 
  

   correlated 
  with 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  so-called 
  copulatory 
  or 
  

   clasping 
  plates 
  which 
  arm 
  the 
  fingers 
  and 
  toes. 
  

  

  Geographical 
  Variations. 
  — 
  As 
  we 
  have 
  seen 
  above 
  

   in 
  dealing 
  with 
  the 
  markings 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  parts, 
  it 
  is 
  

   possible 
  to 
  correlate 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  variations 
  with 
  the 
  

   habitat. 
  Thus 
  I 
  think 
  I 
  can 
  in 
  every 
  case 
  recognise 
  

   specimens 
  from 
  the 
  mountains 
  of 
  the 
  Italian 
  Peninsula, 
  

   which 
  represent 
  the 
  typical 
  B, 
  pachypus, 
  by 
  the 
  pre- 
  

   dominance 
  of 
  orange 
  or 
  yellow 
  on 
  the 
  belly 
  and 
  the 
  

   lower 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  thighs, 
  its 
  absence 
  or 
  its 
  reduc- 
  

   tion 
  to 
  spots 
  on 
  the 
  breast, 
  and 
  its 
  absence 
  on 
  the 
  

   tarsi; 
  the 
  habitus 
  is 
  particularly 
  massive, 
  and 
  the 
  size 
  

   larger. 
  Specimens 
  from 
  other 
  parts 
  of 
  Europe 
  may 
  be 
  

  

  