Notice of Land and Freshwater Shells. 



Notice of Land and Freshwater Shells collected ly Dr. J, G, 

 Cooper in the Rocky Mountains^ etc., in 1860. 



By T. Bland and J. G. Cooper. 

 Read June 17, 1861. 

 Beprinted from the Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History, New York, Vol. VII., June, 1861. 



The shells, which form the subject of this paper, were col- 

 lected by Dr. J. G. Cooper, during the progress of a military- 

 expedition under the command of Major Blake, U.S.A. The 

 party went from St. Louis in the Spring of 1860 by steamboat 

 to Fort Benton, crossed over the mountains from that point to 

 the waters of the Columbia Biver, where it again embarked, 

 and proceeded to the Pacific Coast. 



Dr. Cooper forwarded his notes and specimens to Mr. "W. 

 Cooper, who placed them in the hands of Mr. T. Bland with a 

 view to the preparation of the subjoined notice. 



Helix Townsendiana Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, vi. 99, pi. 



23, f. 80. 



This species was brought by Mr. Nuttall, Dr. Townsend, and 

 the United States Exploring Expedition from the neighborhood 

 of the Wahlamat, near its junction with the Columbia Biver. 

 Dr. Cooper collected many examples, varying much in size, but 

 none so large as those which we have seen from Oregon. 



The following is a copy of bis note on the specimens, — " The 

 numerous small specimens were found in the dry prairie at the 

 junction of Hell Gate and Bitter Boot Rivers, and as I met with 

 larger ones of various sizes in more damp situations of the 

 woods, from an elevation of 4800 feet down to 2200 feet, at the 

 base of the Bitter Boot Bange, I presume that the former is a 

 dwarfed variety, such as is found also west of the Coast Moun- 

 tains in Washington Territory. This is the most wide-spread 

 species I have seen." Other specimens forwarded by Dr. 



