of the Bahama Islands. 321 



ern part of the West Indies) took place at a late period of 

 time, and probably subsequent to the spread of the post- 

 pliocene fauna over North America."* 



Dr. Cleve (I.e.) observes that "the Bahama Islands, the 

 Island of Anegada, and a part of Barbuda belong to a very 

 recent period. "f 



The same author (7. c. 18), referring to the "Leeward 

 Islands," states as follows : — 



"The Islands north of Guadaloiipe form two parallel chains from north- 

 west to southeast. The western chain commences with Saha and consists 

 of 8t. Eustatius, St. Kitts, Nevis, Redonda and Montserrat. All of those 

 islands are volcanos and if the line were extended farther to the North 

 it would reach the island of Anegada, of post-pliocene date, and all the 

 volcanos seem to be of the same or nearly the same geological time. 

 The Bahama Islands, which are also most probably of post-pliocene date, 

 have the same direction and seem to be the continuation of the same or 

 of a parallel line of elevation. East of the volcanic range is another 

 completely difl'erent range of islands. They are not volcanic and com- 

 mence with Sombrero comprising Angiiilla, St. Martin, Sc. Bartholomew, 

 Barbuda and Antigua. All of these islands are of the tertiary age, eocene, 

 miocene and pliocene." 



In his " Summary of the Geology of the West Indies" 

 (I.e. 47), Dr. Cleve says : — 



" Erom the facts exposed above it may consequently be inferred, that 

 of the two prevailing lines of elevation in the West Indies, the one run- 

 ning from west to east originated before the miocene time, and that the 

 other from northwest to southeast, commencing with the Bahamas and 

 continuing in the same direction down to Trinidad, was formed after the 

 miocene time," 



While considering the facts, and geological grouping of 

 the Islands quoted above from Dr. Cleve's paper, it should be 

 remembered that the land shell fauna of Saba, of St. Eusta- 

 tius, St. Kitts and Nevis (all three on one Bank) and of Ee- 

 donda and Montserrat, and of Barbuda and Antigua (the 



*See also Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1868, and Bland, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 

 1871. 

 '\Helicina convexa is common to Bermuda and Barbuda. 



