NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 2I9 



those of Westphalia, Franconia, Timan and New York. To a littoral fauna 

 this permanency of composition would be incompatible with obstacles to 

 be surmounted in the course of migration. 



DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES 

 tuNuucARDiuM Miinster 1840 



The genus Lunulicardium was proposed by Miinster in the third heft 

 of his Beitrdge zur Petrefaktenkunde (1840) for certain shells from the 

 uppermost Devonic (Clymeniakalk) of Franconia. 



No clear definition of the genus was given by the author ; and hence 

 in thie progress of knowledge some difficulty has arisen in determining to 

 what species the name is now to be applied, for the eight examples 

 embraced under the term by its propounder have seemed to some writers 

 to represent distinct generic types. The subject is introduced first on page 

 58 of the work cited, and on page 69 begins the descriptions of the species. 

 On the former page, discussing the characters of the " Cardiaceae," the 

 author says : " But there occur in the Franconian Clymenia and Orthocer- 

 atite limestones still other heretofore undescribed species which have at the 

 side of the beak a sharp semilunar insection, in some, separated from the 

 shell by an expanded process. . . These particular species I have 

 believed it necessary to separate under the name Lunulacardium ; they fall 

 into two groups." Miinster did not further specify the characteristics of 

 the groups except in indicating as above the presence of an expansion of 

 the shell along the hiatus. Barrande 1 in 1881, discussing the genus, noted 

 that such of these shells as seem to possess a well developed auricle sepa- 

 rated from the body of the valve by a groove, form a distinct association 

 from the rest in which this character did not appear ; and Zittel 2 proposed 

 that these be placed with the Carbonic genus Chaenocardia Meek. Holz- 

 apfel 3 pointed out the difference between such shells and Chaenocardia, 



x Systeme Silurien, 6: 101. 

 2 Handbuch der Palaontologie. 1885. 2:36. 



3 Die Cephalopoden fiihrenden Kalke d. unt. Carbon von Erdbach-Breitscheid bd 

 Herborn: Palaontolog. Abhandlungen. N. F. 1889. 1:61. 



