NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 251 



plications in front of or behind the beak or in both positions, with interlock- 

 ing extremities crenulating the margin. These appear to be absent in C. 

 interrupt a. Aside from these special considerations, " Cardiola " as com- 

 monly employed has no precise value, and we shall do well to separate from 

 the heterogeneous objects therewith included, this compact group of upper 

 Devonic shells. Barrande figured some shells of great size under the name 

 Pantata [= Pater; v. 6, pi. 189, 309, 329, 331], which, in respect to the 

 character of the cardinal area and attitude of beak as well as character 

 of surface, are in more close agreement with these shells than the latter 

 with Cardiola. 1 



Under the description of Paraptyx we noted that the only represen- 

 tative of the genus, P. o n t a r i o, is so closely similar in external characters 

 to Cardiola (Ontaria) clarkei Beushausen that specimens of the 

 two are barely distinguishable if the cardinal line be imperfectly preserved ; 

 both species alike possess the fine, flattened, numerous and frequently split 

 radii, and the former often assumes a subcircular outline as in the latter, 

 though normally it is somewhat elongate vertically. 2 This resemblance is 

 specially well shown in the specimen of Paraptyx represented on plate 7, 

 figure 9. We have shown from the evidence derived from Honeoyea that 

 the crescent of Paraptyx is posterior and hence the beaks opisthogyre. The 

 suppression of this crescent with its functions would virtually change 

 Paraptyx Ontario to Ontaria clarkei. In the latter there is 

 absolutely no trace of this structure, fine replacements showing only a 

 narrow cardinal area, but there is no escape from present evidence that, 

 if the beaks are posterior in Paraptyx, they are likewise posterior in Onta- 



1 The name Pantata is probably of doubtful validity. It has not been even briefly 

 denned, and some writers have included it under Panenka (=Puella). Freeh has shown 

 that the word is not such as could be appropriately employed for a generic designation, 

 being a current Czechic word for father. 



2 This similarity of aspect in distinct organisms is paralleled by the goniatites 

 Probeloceras lutheri and Beloceras iynx which can not be distinguished 

 except on exposure of the sutures. 



