part 2] THE VALENTIAN SERIES. 167 



number of fossils in the Caradoc area (Onnj^ Kiver). Of these, 

 Meristina furcata appears to be confined to the Upper Valentian, 

 and a Sarrandella sp. allied to undata also suggests Valentian 

 rather than Wenlock aifinities. Most of the other forms, especially 

 the trilobites, are either of uncertain affinities and unknown range, 

 or occur indifferently both in the Valentian and in the younger 

 rocks. The balance of the evidence furnished by their fauna and 

 lithological characters inclines in favour of their Valentian 

 affinities ; but, from the ver}" fact that they show such close 

 relations to the Wenlock, they may be presumed to occupy faunally 

 as well as stratigraphically a position at the very summit of the 

 Valentian. 



In the Presteign, May-Hill, and Malvern districts, the fauna of 

 the sandstones is similar to that noted above ; but at Ma}^ Hill 

 Fentamerus ohlongus is much less abundant than in other districts, 

 and the transition to the other facies may be presumed to occur not 

 far south of this area. At Woolhope only the uppermost Valentian 

 beds in which P. ohlongus is not usually found are visible. The 

 chief interest of these districts is the relation of the Valentian to 

 the Woolhope Limestone. 



At Old Kadnor ^ that limestone lies unconformabl}^ on Longmyn- 

 dian rocks, and is succeeded in normal succession by Wenlock 

 Shale. The considerable faunal list quoted by Prof. Gai'wood & 

 Miss Goodyear includes the following brachiopods, which denote a 

 Wenlock age for this deposit : — Meristina tumida, Harrandella 

 lingiiifera, Concliidium hnighti, JVihonia iviIso7ii, IRliyncliotreta 

 cuneata. They are associated with a few species of trilobites, 

 among them lUceiuis harriensis, and a well-marked brachicpod, 

 Stropheodoiita imbrex, var. semiglohosa. 



The supposed Woolhope Limestone at Nash Scar, Presteign, is 

 considered to be contemporaneous with that of Old Radnor. In 

 that district, however, it overlies the Pentamerus-oblongics Grits. 

 Sedgwick ^ records from these grits the following forms : — Ccelo- 

 spira liemispherica, Pentamertis ohlongus , SfricJdandinia lens, 

 and Sp)irifer crispus. 



At Woolhope the succession is described by Murchison^ as 

 follows : — 



Shales with bastard limestone. 



{ Purer limestone. 

 Woolhope Limestone. - Shales with bedded limestone up to 10 feet. 



[ (A total thickness of 30 to 40 feet of limestone.) 



Impure earthy limestone. 



Shales with calcareous gritty flagstones, with 

 large StricMandinia lirata. 



Upper Llandovery ... Greenish earthy calcareous sandstones, with 



Stricklandinia lens, etc. 



The lowest hediQ0\\i2im^ StricMandinia lens, Atrypa, reticularis,, 



1 E. J. Garwood & E. Goodyear, Q. J. G. S. vol. Ixxiv (1918) pp. 1-29. 



2 Phil. Mag. ser. 4, vol. viii (1854) p. 476. 



3 ' Siluria ' 5th ed. (1872) p. 111. 



