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  The 
  river 
  fisheries 
  of 
  the 
  southern 
  and 
  middle 
  states 
  are 
  

   stated 
  by 
  Colonel 
  McDonald 
  to 
  engage 
  13,017 
  persons, 
  78 
  

   vessels, 
  and 
  4815 
  men 
  ; 
  in 
  the 
  north 
  the 
  Shad 
  and 
  Alewife 
  

   fisheries 
  are 
  chiefly 
  carried 
  on 
  by 
  fishermen 
  engaged 
  in 
  

   other 
  fisheries 
  at 
  other 
  times 
  in 
  the 
  year. 
  

  

  The 
  Sardine 
  and 
  Herring 
  Fishery. 
  — 
  The 
  Sardine 
  in- 
  

   dustry 
  of 
  Maine 
  is 
  similar 
  to 
  the 
  Pacific 
  Salmon 
  industiy, 
  

   and 
  of 
  still 
  more 
  recent 
  origin. 
  Up 
  to 
  1880, 
  according 
  to 
  

   Mr. 
  R. 
  E. 
  Earll, 
  it 
  was 
  confined 
  to 
  Eastport, 
  and 
  though 
  

   experiments 
  were 
  made 
  in 
  the 
  preparation 
  of 
  Herrings 
  as 
  

   Sardines 
  as 
  early 
  as 
  1866, 
  the 
  business 
  did 
  not 
  practically 
  

   begin 
  till 
  1875, 
  since 
  which 
  time 
  it 
  has 
  grown 
  with 
  a 
  re- 
  

   markable 
  rapidity. 
  In 
  1880 
  it 
  furnished 
  employment 
  to 
  

   over 
  1,500 
  fishermen 
  and 
  factory 
  hands, 
  in 
  addition 
  to 
  376 
  

   fishermen 
  belonging 
  to 
  New 
  Brunswick. 
  The 
  capital 
  de- 
  

   pendent 
  upon 
  the 
  industry 
  during 
  the 
  same 
  season, 
  in- 
  

   cluding 
  380,000 
  belonging 
  to 
  the 
  New 
  Brunswick 
  fishermen, 
  

   was 
  over 
  $480,000, 
  and 
  the 
  value 
  of 
  the 
  products 
  amounted 
  

   to 
  nearly 
  $825,000. 
  

  

  "Many 
  of 
  the 
  larger 
  Cape 
  Ann 
  vessels," 
  writes 
  Mr. 
  

   Earll, 
  "engage 
  in 
  the 
  frozen-herring 
  trade 
  during 
  the 
  

   winter 
  months, 
  visiting 
  points 
  along 
  the 
  coasts 
  of 
  Maine, 
  

   New 
  Brunswick, 
  and 
  Newfoundland, 
  where 
  the 
  herring 
  

   chance 
  to 
  be 
  most 
  abundant, 
  and 
  bringing 
  large 
  trips 
  to 
  

   the 
  principal 
  New 
  England 
  markets. 
  Formerly 
  they 
  sup- 
  

   plied 
  themselves 
  with 
  nets 
  for 
  catching 
  their 
  own 
  fish, 
  and 
  

   took 
  full 
  crews 
  of 
  fishermen 
  to 
  assist 
  in 
  the 
  work, 
  but 
  of 
  

   late 
  they 
  find 
  it 
  cheaper 
  to 
  buy 
  fish 
  of 
  the 
  natives, 
  in 
  which 
  

   case 
  they 
  carry 
  only 
  enough 
  men 
  to 
  work 
  the 
  vessel 
  on 
  

   the 
  passage. 
  The 
  herring 
  are 
  first 
  frozen 
  on 
  the 
  shore, 
  

   after 
  which 
  they 
  are 
  thrown, 
  with 
  a 
  little 
  straw, 
  into 
  the 
  

   hold, 
  and 
  at 
  times 
  even 
  the 
  cabin 
  of 
  the 
  vessel 
  is 
  filled, 
  the 
  

   crew 
  living 
  in 
  the 
  forecastle. 
  A 
  vessel 
  thus 
  loaded 
  carries 
  

  

  