﻿i8 
  

  

  those 
  of 
  the 
  cod, 
  Spanish 
  mackerel, 
  and 
  moonfish, 
  are 
  

   hatched 
  in 
  floating 
  boxes 
  so 
  arranged 
  as 
  to 
  utilise 
  the 
  

   action 
  of 
  the 
  waves, 
  and 
  in 
  apparatus 
  invented 
  by 
  Clark 
  

   and 
  Chester. 
  A 
  description 
  of 
  these, 
  or 
  indeed 
  of 
  any 
  of 
  

   the 
  forms 
  of 
  apparatus 
  above 
  mentioned, 
  is 
  wholly 
  un- 
  

   necessary, 
  as 
  full-size 
  apparatus, 
  or 
  working 
  models 
  of 
  the 
  

   same, 
  may 
  be 
  seen 
  in 
  the 
  Fish 
  Cultural 
  Department 
  of 
  the 
  

   United 
  States 
  Exhibit 
  in 
  the 
  Fisheries 
  Exhibition. 
  

  

  "Beside 
  the 
  improvement 
  of 
  apparatus, 
  radical 
  changes 
  

   have 
  been 
  made 
  in 
  the 
  methods 
  of 
  fish 
  culture. 
  The 
  most 
  

   important 
  of 
  these 
  is 
  the 
  building 
  of 
  movable 
  floating 
  

   hatcheries, 
  in 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  barges 
  and 
  steamers, 
  by 
  the 
  

   United 
  States 
  Fish 
  Commission. 
  By 
  means 
  of 
  these, 
  

   different 
  spawning 
  grounds 
  may 
  be 
  visited 
  during 
  the 
  

   same 
  season, 
  and 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  the 
  work 
  enormously 
  in- 
  

   creased, 
  with 
  a 
  comparatively 
  small 
  increase 
  in 
  its 
  cost. 
  

   The 
  application 
  of 
  steam 
  for 
  pumping 
  the 
  water 
  and 
  for 
  

   working 
  the 
  apparatus 
  is 
  also 
  of 
  great 
  value. 
  Equally 
  

   important 
  with 
  these 
  is 
  the 
  improvement 
  in 
  the 
  methods 
  of 
  

   transportation. 
  Formerly 
  the 
  fish 
  were 
  carried 
  in 
  small 
  

   quantities 
  in 
  the 
  baggage-cars 
  of 
  ordinary 
  passenger-trains, 
  

   but 
  refrigerator 
  cars, 
  built 
  expressly 
  for 
  the 
  purpose, 
  are 
  

   now 
  almost 
  exclusively 
  employed. 
  Trained 
  experts 
  are 
  

   placed 
  in 
  charge 
  of 
  these 
  cars, 
  and 
  immense 
  numbers 
  of 
  

   fish 
  are 
  now 
  distributed 
  with 
  small 
  loss 
  and 
  a 
  great 
  reduc- 
  

   tion 
  in 
  cost 
  as 
  compared 
  with 
  the 
  old 
  method." 
  

  

  In 
  1866, 
  Massachusetts 
  organised 
  the 
  first 
  state 
  commis- 
  

   sion. 
  All 
  except 
  eleven 
  states 
  and 
  territories 
  now 
  have 
  

   similar 
  organizations. 
  In 
  the 
  accompanying 
  table, 
  pre- 
  

   pared 
  by 
  Mr. 
  C. 
  W. 
  Smiley, 
  are 
  shown 
  the 
  dates 
  of 
  organi- 
  

   zation 
  of 
  the 
  several 
  state 
  commissions, 
  together 
  with 
  the 
  

   appropriations 
  up 
  to 
  1880. 
  A 
  similar 
  table, 
  complete 
  to 
  

   1883, 
  has 
  been 
  prepared, 
  but 
  has 
  not 
  yet 
  been 
  received 
  in 
  

   London. 
  

  

  