﻿212 
  BUFONIDiE. 
  

  

  and 
  the 
  islands 
  of 
  the 
  Pacific. 
  Only 
  three 
  species 
  

   are 
  found 
  in 
  Europe. 
  

  

  Bivfo 
  vulgaris 
  has 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  subarticular 
  tubercles 
  

   under 
  the 
  toes 
  in 
  pairs, 
  no 
  tarsal 
  fold, 
  the 
  interorbital 
  

   space 
  at 
  least 
  as 
  broad 
  as 
  the 
  upper 
  eyelid, 
  and 
  no 
  

   vocal 
  sac. 
  B. 
  viridis 
  has 
  the 
  subarticular 
  tubercles 
  

   of 
  the 
  toes 
  single, 
  a 
  tarsal 
  fold, 
  the 
  interorbital 
  

   space 
  usually 
  distinctly 
  narrower 
  than 
  the 
  upper 
  eyelid, 
  

   and 
  the 
  male 
  is 
  provided 
  with 
  a 
  vocal 
  sac. 
  B. 
  calamita 
  

   differs 
  from 
  both 
  by 
  its 
  shorter 
  limbs, 
  which 
  preclude 
  

   it 
  from 
  leaping; 
  the 
  subarticular 
  tubercles 
  of 
  the 
  

   toes 
  are 
  in 
  pairs 
  as 
  in 
  B. 
  vulgaris, 
  but 
  a 
  tarsal 
  fold 
  is 
  

   usually 
  present, 
  and 
  the 
  interorbital 
  space 
  is 
  narrow; 
  

   the 
  males 
  have 
  a 
  vocal 
  sac, 
  which 
  is 
  larger 
  than 
  in 
  

   B. 
  viridis, 
  and, 
  when 
  blown, 
  bears 
  great 
  resemblance 
  

   to 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  common 
  tree-frog. 
  The 
  buccal 
  opening 
  

   to 
  the 
  sac 
  is 
  a 
  single 
  slit, 
  either 
  on 
  the 
  right 
  side 
  or 
  

   on 
  the 
  left, 
  as 
  shown 
  on 
  fig. 
  78, 
  p. 
  211. 
  

  

  Owing 
  to 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  B. 
  viridis 
  and 
  calamita 
  are 
  

   much 
  more 
  nearly 
  related 
  to 
  each 
  other 
  than 
  to 
  

   B. 
  vulgaris, 
  Fatio 
  and 
  other 
  authors 
  have 
  instituted 
  

   two 
  different 
  sections 
  or 
  sub-genera, 
  that 
  including 
  

   the 
  two 
  former 
  species 
  being 
  designated 
  Bubeta, 
  the 
  

   other 
  Phryne. 
  An 
  examination 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  species 
  of 
  

   the 
  genus 
  shows 
  such 
  a 
  division 
  to 
  be 
  untenable. 
  

   Still 
  less 
  would 
  one 
  feel 
  inclined 
  to 
  follow 
  the 
  view 
  of 
  

   Cope, 
  who, 
  whilst 
  uniting 
  B. 
  vulgaris 
  and 
  B. 
  viridis 
  

   in 
  the 
  genus 
  Bufo, 
  isolated 
  B. 
  calamita 
  as 
  Ejndalea, 
  

   the 
  latter 
  genus 
  being 
  founded 
  solely 
  on 
  the 
  large 
  size 
  

   of 
  the 
  fronto-parietal 
  fontanelle. 
  

  

  The 
  annexed 
  map 
  shows 
  the 
  interesting 
  distribution 
  

   over 
  the 
  Palaearctic 
  region 
  of 
  the 
  three 
  species 
  under 
  

   consideration 
  ; 
  Bufo 
  vulgaris 
  extending 
  through 
  nearly 
  

   the 
  whole 
  region, 
  whilst 
  the 
  two 
  closely 
  allied 
  repre- 
  

   sentative 
  species, 
  B. 
  viridis 
  and 
  B. 
  calamita, 
  occupy 
  the 
  

   former 
  the 
  East, 
  the 
  latter 
  the 
  West, 
  their 
  respective 
  

   ranges 
  overlapping 
  on 
  a 
  considerable 
  portion 
  of 
  

   Central 
  Europe. 
  

  

  