﻿216 
  BUFONIDJE. 
  

  

  granular, 
  the 
  granules 
  being 
  larger 
  and 
  more 
  distant 
  

   from 
  one 
  another 
  on 
  the 
  lower 
  belly 
  and 
  under 
  the 
  

   thighs 
  ; 
  these 
  granules 
  may 
  be 
  tipped 
  with 
  horny 
  

   spines, 
  which 
  are 
  often 
  black, 
  especially 
  in 
  old 
  

   females. 
  

  

  Brown, 
  olive, 
  greyish, 
  or 
  red 
  above, 
  uniform, 
  or 
  

   with 
  dark 
  brown 
  or 
  blackish 
  spots 
  or 
  marblings; 
  some 
  

   females 
  handsomely 
  marbled 
  with 
  dark 
  brown, 
  with 
  

   yellow 
  spots 
  between 
  the 
  marblings, 
  others 
  pale 
  olive 
  

   with 
  rusty 
  spots 
  ; 
  females 
  and 
  young 
  often 
  with 
  the 
  

   parotoids 
  and 
  the 
  larger 
  warts 
  brick-red 
  ; 
  parotoids 
  

   (with 
  rare 
  exceptions) 
  margined 
  on 
  the 
  outer 
  side 
  

   with 
  dark 
  brown 
  or 
  black, 
  which 
  may 
  extend 
  as 
  a 
  band 
  

   along 
  the 
  upper 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  flanks, 
  this 
  being 
  more 
  

   usually 
  and 
  markedly 
  the 
  case 
  in 
  Chinese 
  and 
  Japanese 
  

   specimens. 
  In 
  these 
  Oriental 
  specimens 
  a 
  fine 
  yellow 
  

   vertebral 
  line 
  is 
  often 
  present. 
  Lower 
  surfaces 
  dirty 
  

   white, 
  greyish, 
  or 
  brownish, 
  often 
  flesh-colour 
  under 
  

   the 
  thighs, 
  uniform, 
  or 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  spotted 
  with 
  brown 
  

   or 
  blackish 
  ; 
  these 
  spots 
  are 
  very 
  large, 
  and 
  often 
  form 
  

   handsome 
  marblings 
  in 
  Asiatic 
  specimens. 
  Iris 
  red 
  

   or 
  copper-colour, 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  vermiculated 
  with 
  black, 
  

   rarely 
  (in 
  males) 
  golden, 
  scarcely 
  tinged 
  with 
  red. 
  

  

  Male 
  distinguished 
  from 
  the 
  female 
  

   Fig. 
  80. 
  by 
  much 
  stronger, 
  more 
  muscular 
  fore 
  

   limbs, 
  fuller 
  webs 
  between 
  the 
  toes, 
  a 
  

   shorter 
  body, 
  usually 
  a 
  smoother 
  skin, 
  

   and, 
  during 
  the 
  breeding 
  season, 
  by 
  the 
  

   presence 
  of 
  black, 
  horny 
  spinules 
  form- 
  

   ing 
  bands 
  on 
  the 
  inner 
  upper 
  side 
  of 
  

   the 
  three 
  inner 
  fingers 
  and 
  the 
  inner 
  

   carpal 
  tubercle. 
  These 
  excrescences 
  

   sometimes 
  persist 
  long 
  after 
  the 
  pairing 
  

   Lower 
  view 
  of 
  left 
  * 
  s 
  over 
  \ 
  Bosca, 
  in 
  Spain, 
  at 
  Valencia, 
  

   Land 
  of 
  male, 
  noticed 
  males 
  bearing 
  them 
  in 
  August 
  

   and 
  December, 
  and 
  I 
  have 
  found 
  them 
  

   well 
  developed 
  in 
  English 
  specimens 
  captured 
  on 
  land 
  

   in 
  August 
  and 
  September. 
  Vocal 
  sacs 
  are 
  absent. 
  

   The 
  male 
  is 
  smaller 
  than 
  the 
  female, 
  the 
  disproportion 
  

  

  