﻿226 
  BUFONIDjE. 
  

  

  upper 
  surface 
  ; 
  the 
  distance 
  between 
  them 
  about 
  twice 
  

   as 
  great 
  as 
  the 
  distance 
  between 
  the 
  nostrils, 
  and 
  

   equal 
  to 
  or 
  somewhat 
  less 
  than 
  the 
  width 
  of 
  the 
  mouth. 
  

   Spiraculum 
  on 
  the 
  left 
  side, 
  directed 
  backwards, 
  

   nearly 
  equidistant 
  from 
  either 
  extremity 
  of 
  the 
  body, 
  

   not 
  very 
  prominent, 
  but 
  visible 
  from 
  above 
  and 
  from 
  

   below. 
  Anus 
  median 
  Tail 
  three 
  or 
  four 
  times 
  as 
  

   long 
  as 
  deep, 
  broadly 
  rounded 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  ; 
  both 
  crests 
  

   nearly 
  equal 
  in 
  depth, 
  with 
  nearly 
  straight 
  and 
  

   parallel 
  edges; 
  the 
  depth 
  of 
  the 
  muscular 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  

   tail, 
  at 
  its 
  base, 
  two-fifths 
  the 
  greatest 
  total 
  depth. 
  

  

  Beak 
  white, 
  broadly 
  edged 
  with 
  black. 
  Lips 
  with 
  

   papillas 
  only 
  at 
  the 
  sides, 
  which 
  form 
  an 
  inward 
  fold 
  ; 
  

   both 
  upper 
  and 
  lower 
  edges 
  toothed, 
  the 
  series 
  of 
  

   labial 
  teeth 
  being 
  § 
  ; 
  the 
  second 
  upper 
  series 
  nearly 
  

   as 
  long 
  as 
  the 
  first, 
  and 
  very 
  narrowly 
  interrupted 
  

   in 
  the 
  middle 
  ; 
  the 
  three 
  lower 
  series 
  uninterrupted, 
  

   and 
  occupying 
  nearly 
  the 
  whole 
  width 
  of 
  the 
  lip. 
  

  

  Lines 
  of 
  muciferous 
  crypts 
  not 
  or 
  scarcely 
  traceable. 
  

   Blackish-brown 
  or 
  black 
  above, 
  blackish-grey 
  beneath, 
  

   muscular 
  part 
  of 
  tail 
  dark 
  brown 
  or 
  blackish 
  ; 
  crests 
  

   grey, 
  finely 
  speckled, 
  as 
  if 
  powdered 
  with 
  black. 
  

  

  The 
  tadpole 
  of 
  this, 
  the 
  largest 
  European 
  Batra- 
  

   chian, 
  is 
  very 
  small. 
  The 
  largest 
  specimen 
  measured 
  

   by 
  me 
  is 
  32 
  mm. 
  long; 
  body, 
  12 
  ; 
  width 
  of 
  body, 
  8 
  ; 
  

   length 
  of 
  tail, 
  20 
  ; 
  depth 
  of 
  tail, 
  5. 
  

  

  Habitat. 
  — 
  The 
  common 
  toad 
  inhabits 
  nearly 
  the 
  

   whole 
  of 
  Europe, 
  northwards 
  to 
  65° 
  lat. 
  ; 
  it 
  is, 
  

   however, 
  absent 
  from 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  larger 
  islands 
  — 
  

   Ireland, 
  Corsica, 
  Sardinia, 
  and 
  the 
  Baleares. 
  It 
  

   ascends 
  to 
  an 
  altitude 
  of 
  7000 
  feet 
  in 
  the 
  Alps. 
  In 
  

   North-west 
  Africa 
  it 
  is 
  on 
  record 
  from 
  Larache 
  in 
  

   Morocco, 
  and 
  Tlemsen, 
  Algiers, 
  and 
  Bona 
  in 
  Algeria. 
  

   It 
  extends 
  across 
  northern 
  and 
  temperate 
  Asia 
  to 
  

   Manchuria, 
  Japan, 
  China, 
  and 
  Thibet 
  up 
  to 
  10,000 
  

   feet. 
  The 
  altitude 
  of 
  17,000 
  feet 
  previously 
  recorded 
  

   by 
  me 
  is 
  based 
  on 
  an 
  error 
  ; 
  the 
  specimen 
  collected 
  

   by 
  Mr. 
  Pratt 
  in 
  the 
  province 
  of 
  Sze 
  Chuen, 
  China, 
  

   came 
  from 
  an 
  altitude 
  of 
  only 
  1700 
  feet. 
  

  

  