﻿234 
  BUFONIDjE. 
  

  

  be 
  compared 
  to 
  a 
  policeman's 
  whistle, 
  being 
  clear 
  and 
  

   sonorous 
  with 
  rolling 
  r's. 
  

  

  The 
  male 
  embraces 
  the 
  female 
  under 
  the 
  arms, 
  

   pressing 
  the 
  hands 
  on 
  the 
  breast 
  as 
  in 
  frogs, 
  — 
  without, 
  

   however, 
  their 
  ever 
  meeting, 
  as 
  usual 
  in 
  the 
  latter. 
  

   The 
  embrace 
  may 
  last 
  for 
  a 
  few 
  days. 
  The 
  long 
  egg- 
  

   strings 
  are 
  produced 
  slowly, 
  and 
  twisted 
  round 
  weeds 
  

   as 
  in 
  the 
  common 
  toad. 
  The 
  larvae 
  transform 
  about 
  

   two 
  months 
  later, 
  the 
  young, 
  on 
  leaving 
  the 
  water, 
  

   measuring 
  10 
  to 
  17 
  mm. 
  from 
  snout 
  to 
  vent. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  island 
  of 
  Lipari, 
  Mr. 
  Norman 
  Douglass 
  

   found 
  tadpoles 
  abundant 
  in 
  the 
  rivulets 
  of 
  warm 
  

   mineral 
  water 
  which 
  run 
  down 
  to 
  the 
  sea 
  in 
  the 
  

   western 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  island, 
  and 
  the 
  late 
  A. 
  Walter 
  

   observed 
  this 
  toad 
  to 
  resort 
  to 
  wells 
  of 
  brackish 
  

   water 
  in 
  the 
  Transcaspian 
  steppes. 
  

  

  Eggs. 
  — 
  Resembling 
  those 
  of 
  B. 
  vulgaris, 
  but 
  usually 
  

   smaller, 
  measuring 
  about 
  one 
  and 
  a 
  half 
  millimetres 
  

   in 
  diameter, 
  and 
  more 
  numerous, 
  forming 
  longer 
  

   strings, 
  in 
  which 
  they 
  are 
  disposed 
  in 
  files 
  of 
  three 
  or 
  

   four 
  ; 
  when 
  the 
  strings 
  are 
  stretched 
  the 
  eggs 
  are 
  

   arranged 
  in 
  double 
  files. 
  The 
  number 
  of 
  eggs 
  has 
  

   been 
  estimated 
  by 
  Heron-Royer 
  at 
  10,000 
  to 
  12,000. 
  

   The 
  embryo 
  drops 
  out 
  on 
  the 
  third 
  or 
  fourth 
  day, 
  

   before 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  the 
  external 
  gills, 
  which 
  are 
  

   small, 
  stump-like, 
  and 
  unbranched, 
  and 
  with 
  the 
  tail 
  

   in 
  a 
  rudimentary 
  condition. 
  

  

  Tadpolu 
  (PI. 
  II, 
  fig. 
  4). 
  — 
  Intermediate 
  between 
  B. 
  

   vulgaris 
  and 
  B. 
  calami 
  ta, 
  but 
  larger 
  than 
  either, 
  and 
  

   with 
  broader 
  internarial 
  space. 
  Mouth 
  wide, 
  as 
  in 
  

   B. 
  vulgaris 
  ; 
  labial 
  teeth 
  variable, 
  sometimes 
  as 
  in 
  B. 
  

   vulgaris, 
  sometimes 
  more 
  as 
  m 
  B. 
  calaniita 
  ; 
  the 
  second 
  

   upper 
  series 
  narrowly 
  or 
  widely 
  interrupted 
  in 
  the 
  

   middle; 
  first 
  lower 
  series 
  measuring 
  one-half 
  to 
  three- 
  

   fourths 
  the 
  length 
  of 
  the 
  second. 
  

  

  Distance 
  between 
  the 
  eyes 
  about 
  once 
  and 
  a 
  half 
  the 
  

   distance 
  between 
  the 
  nostrils, 
  and 
  equal 
  to 
  the 
  width 
  

   of 
  the 
  mouth. 
  Tail 
  three 
  or 
  four 
  times 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  

   deep, 
  broadly 
  rounded 
  at 
  one 
  end, 
  its 
  upper 
  crest 
  more 
  

  

  