﻿bufo. 
  239 
  

  

  ground-colour 
  upon 
  the 
  limbs. 
  Body 
  often 
  dotted 
  all 
  

   over 
  with 
  black. 
  The 
  large 
  warts 
  on 
  the 
  back 
  often 
  

   red 
  or 
  reddish, 
  margined 
  with 
  black 
  ; 
  parotoids 
  also 
  

   often 
  reddish, 
  sometimes 
  with 
  a 
  dark 
  border 
  all 
  round 
  ; 
  

   the 
  warts 
  at 
  the 
  angle 
  of 
  the 
  mouth 
  always 
  red. 
  

   Nearly 
  always 
  a 
  narrow, 
  filiform 
  yellow 
  vertebral 
  

   line 
  extends 
  along 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  back 
  from 
  

   the 
  snout 
  or 
  the 
  vertex 
  to 
  the 
  vent 
  ; 
  it 
  is 
  some- 
  

   times 
  interrupted, 
  rarely 
  entirely 
  absent; 
  in 
  addition 
  

   to 
  this 
  line 
  there 
  is 
  sometimes 
  a 
  broader 
  yellowish 
  

   vertebral 
  streak. 
  A 
  light 
  wavy 
  lateral 
  stripe 
  is 
  often 
  

   present, 
  especially 
  in 
  females. 
  Lower 
  surfaces 
  dirty 
  

   white, 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  abundantly 
  spotted 
  with 
  blackish. 
  

   Tips 
  of 
  fingers 
  and 
  toes 
  brown 
  or 
  blackish. 
  Iris 
  

   greenish-yellow, 
  veined 
  or 
  vermiculated 
  with 
  black 
  

  

  Specimens 
  from 
  the 
  Spanish 
  peninsula 
  and 
  the 
  

   South 
  of 
  France 
  are 
  often 
  more 
  handsomely 
  marbled 
  

   than 
  is 
  the 
  case 
  in 
  more 
  northern 
  representatives, 
  and 
  

   as 
  the 
  yellow 
  vertebral 
  line 
  is 
  not 
  infrequently 
  absent, 
  

   such 
  examples 
  have 
  been 
  referred 
  by 
  some 
  authors 
  to 
  

   Bufo 
  viridis. 
  

  

  Males 
  distinguished 
  by 
  stronger 
  fore 
  limbs, 
  some- 
  

   what 
  longer 
  hind 
  limbs, 
  and 
  a 
  large 
  subgular 
  vocal 
  

   sac, 
  which, 
  when 
  swollen, 
  equals 
  or 
  exceeds 
  the 
  head 
  

   in 
  size 
  ; 
  this 
  sac 
  is 
  most 
  developed 
  during 
  the 
  breeding 
  

   season, 
  when, 
  from 
  its 
  pigmentation, 
  the 
  male's 
  throat 
  

   is 
  bluish 
  or 
  violet. 
  The 
  inner 
  finger 
  is 
  not 
  at 
  all 
  

   thickened, 
  but 
  is 
  covered 
  in 
  spring, 
  or 
  even 
  through- 
  

   out 
  the 
  year, 
  together 
  with 
  the 
  second 
  and 
  third 
  

   fingers, 
  with 
  brown 
  or 
  blackish 
  horny 
  excrescences, 
  

   forming 
  a 
  band 
  on 
  the 
  inner 
  and 
  upper 
  side. 
  

  

  In 
  Bufo 
  vulgaris 
  the 
  male 
  is 
  usually 
  considerably 
  

   smaller 
  than 
  the 
  female; 
  in 
  B. 
  viridis 
  the 
  dispropor- 
  

   tion 
  is 
  less 
  marked, 
  and 
  in 
  this 
  species 
  it 
  can 
  hardly 
  

   be 
  said 
  to 
  exist, 
  although 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  slight 
  difference 
  

   between 
  the 
  maximum 
  lengths 
  hitherto 
  recorded 
  in 
  

   the 
  two 
  sexes, 
  viz. 
  74 
  mm. 
  for 
  the 
  male 
  (Brussels) 
  

   and 
  80 
  for 
  the 
  female 
  (Geneva). 
  

  

  