﻿RANA. 
  265 
  

  

  13. 
  Rana 
  esculenta. 
  

   (Plates 
  XVI 
  and 
  XVII.) 
  

  

  Rosel, 
  Hist. 
  Ran., 
  p. 
  53, 
  pis. 
  xiii 
  — 
  xvi 
  (1758). 
  

  

  Rana 
  esculenta, 
  Linnaeus, 
  Faun. 
  Suec, 
  2nd 
  ed., 
  p. 
  102 
  (1761), 
  and 
  

   Syst. 
  Nat., 
  i, 
  p. 
  357 
  (1766) 
  ; 
  Laurenti, 
  Syn. 
  Rept., 
  pp. 
  31 
  and 
  

   136 
  (1768) 
  ; 
  Miiller, 
  Zool. 
  Dan. 
  Prodr., 
  p. 
  35 
  (1776) 
  ; 
  Sturm, 
  

   Deutschl. 
  Faun., 
  iii, 
  Heft 
  1 
  (1799) 
  ; 
  Shaw, 
  Gen. 
  Zool., 
  iii, 
  p. 
  

   103, 
  pi. 
  xxxi 
  (1802) 
  ; 
  Daudin, 
  Hist. 
  Rain. 
  Gren. 
  Crap., 
  p. 
  46, 
  

   pi. 
  xv, 
  fig. 
  1 
  (1803), 
  and 
  Hist. 
  Rept., 
  viii, 
  p. 
  90 
  (1803); 
  Eich- 
  

   wald, 
  Zool. 
  Spec. 
  Ross. 
  Pol., 
  iii, 
  p. 
  166 
  (1831); 
  Schlegel, 
  

   Faun. 
  Japon., 
  Rept., 
  p. 
  109, 
  pi. 
  iii, 
  fig. 
  1 
  (1836) 
  ; 
  Bonaparte, 
  

   Icon. 
  Faun. 
  Ital., 
  Rett. 
  Anf. 
  (1837) 
  ; 
  Nilsson, 
  Skand. 
  Faun., 
  

   Amf, 
  p. 
  88 
  (1842); 
  Bell, 
  Brit. 
  Rept., 
  2nd 
  ed., 
  p. 
  110, 
  fig. 
  

   (1849) 
  ; 
  Massalongo, 
  Erp. 
  Yeron., 
  p. 
  47 
  (1854) 
  ; 
  Gtinther, 
  Cat. 
  

   Batr. 
  Sal., 
  p. 
  12 
  (1858), 
  and 
  Rept. 
  Brit. 
  Ind., 
  p. 
  408 
  (1864) 
  ; 
  

   Collin, 
  Naturh. 
  Tidsskr. 
  (3), 
  vii, 
  1869, 
  p. 
  280; 
  Koch, 
  Ber. 
  

   Senck. 
  Ges., 
  1872, 
  p. 
  135; 
  Fatio, 
  Yert. 
  Suisse, 
  iii, 
  p. 
  312 
  

   (1872); 
  De 
  Betta, 
  Faun. 
  Ital., 
  Rett. 
  Anf., 
  p. 
  63 
  (1874); 
  

   Boettger, 
  Abh. 
  Senck. 
  Ges., 
  ix, 
  1874, 
  p. 
  165; 
  Schreiber, 
  

   Herp. 
  Eur., 
  p. 
  177 
  (1875); 
  Leydig, 
  An. 
  Batr., 
  p. 
  104 
  (1877); 
  

   Lessona, 
  Atti 
  Ace. 
  Lincei, 
  Mem. 
  CI. 
  Sc. 
  fis., 
  i, 
  1877, 
  p. 
  1050, 
  

   pi. 
  i; 
  Lataste, 
  Bull. 
  Soc. 
  Zool. 
  France, 
  1880, 
  p. 
  61; 
  Came- 
  

   rano, 
  Bull. 
  Ass. 
  Franc., 
  1881, 
  p. 
  680 
  ; 
  Boulenger, 
  Cat. 
  Batr. 
  

   Ecaud., 
  p. 
  38 
  (1882); 
  Pfliiger, 
  Arch. 
  Ges. 
  Physiol., 
  xxix, 
  

   1882, 
  p. 
  67 
  ; 
  Camerano, 
  Mem. 
  Ace. 
  Torin. 
  (2), 
  xxxv, 
  1883, 
  p. 
  

   241, 
  pi. 
  i, 
  fig. 
  1 
  ; 
  Boulenger, 
  The 
  Zool., 
  1884, 
  pp. 
  220 
  and 
  265, 
  

   and 
  Proc. 
  Zool. 
  Soc, 
  1884, 
  p. 
  573, 
  pi. 
  lv; 
  Heron-Royer, 
  Bull. 
  

   Soc. 
  Et. 
  Sc. 
  Angers, 
  xiv, 
  1885, 
  p. 
  110; 
  Bedriaga, 
  Bull. 
  Soc. 
  

   Nat. 
  Moscou, 
  1889, 
  p. 
  242 
  ; 
  Boulenger, 
  Proc. 
  Zool. 
  Soc, 
  1891, 
  

   pp. 
  374 
  and 
  604, 
  pi. 
  xlv, 
  fig. 
  1; 
  Mehely, 
  Beitr. 
  Mon. 
  Kronstadt, 
  

   Herp., 
  p. 
  51 
  (1892) 
  ; 
  Douglass, 
  Herp. 
  Baden, 
  p. 
  38 
  (1894) 
  ; 
  

   Werner, 
  Rept. 
  Amph. 
  Oesterr.-Ung., 
  p. 
  86 
  (1897) 
  ; 
  Diirigen, 
  

   Deutschl. 
  Amph., 
  p. 
  422, 
  pi. 
  iv, 
  fig. 
  1 
  (1897). 
  

  

  Rana 
  ridibunda, 
  Pallas, 
  Reise, 
  i, 
  p. 
  458 
  (1771). 
  

  

  Rana 
  chinensis, 
  Osbeck, 
  Yoy. 
  China, 
  i, 
  p. 
  299 
  (1771); 
  Bonna- 
  

   terre, 
  Encycl. 
  Meth., 
  Erp., 
  p. 
  6 
  (1789). 
  

  

  Rana 
  vulgaris, 
  Lacepede, 
  Quadr. 
  Ov. 
  i, 
  Syn. 
  Meth. 
  and 
  p. 
  503 
  

   (1788). 
  

  

  Rana 
  maritima, 
  Risso, 
  Hist. 
  Nat. 
  Eur. 
  Mer.. 
  iii, 
  p. 
  92 
  (1826) 
  ; 
  

   Bonaparte, 
  1. 
  c. 
  (1839); 
  Girard, 
  U. 
  S. 
  Explor. 
  Exped., 
  Herp., 
  

   p. 
  25, 
  pi. 
  ii, 
  figs. 
  7—12 
  (1858). 
  

  

  Rana 
  cachinnans, 
  Pallas, 
  Zoogr. 
  Ross. 
  -As., 
  iii, 
  p. 
  7, 
  pi. 
  i, 
  figs. 
  1 
  

   and 
  2 
  (1831) 
  ; 
  Eichwald, 
  Zool. 
  Spec, 
  iii, 
  p. 
  166, 
  and 
  Faun. 
  

   Casp.-Cauc, 
  iii, 
  p. 
  126, 
  pi. 
  xxx 
  (1841). 
  

  

  Rana 
  caucasica, 
  Pallas, 
  1. 
  c 
  

  

  Rana 
  dentex, 
  Krynicki, 
  Bull. 
  Soc 
  Nat. 
  Moscou, 
  1837, 
  pt. 
  iii, 
  p. 
  63, 
  

   pi. 
  ii. 
  

  

  