﻿EANA. 
  309 
  

  

  Vertebral 
  coluraii 
  twice 
  and 
  a 
  half 
  to 
  three 
  times 
  as 
  

   long 
  as 
  the 
  skull. 
  Second 
  diapophysis 
  once 
  and 
  a 
  

   half 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  the 
  seventh, 
  which 
  is 
  considerably 
  

   shorter 
  than 
  the 
  sacral 
  ; 
  latter 
  directed 
  backwards. 
  

   Tibia 
  a 
  little 
  longer 
  than 
  the 
  femur, 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  or 
  a 
  

   little 
  shorter 
  than 
  the 
  pes 
  ; 
  a 
  large 
  sesamoid 
  bone 
  

   below 
  the 
  tibio- 
  tarsal 
  articulation. 
  Tarsus 
  nearly 
  half 
  

   as 
  long 
  as 
  the 
  tibia. 
  Two 
  bones 
  to 
  the 
  prsepollex 
  and 
  

   two 
  or 
  three 
  to 
  the 
  prsehallux. 
  Terminal 
  phalanges 
  

   feebly 
  expanded 
  at 
  the 
  end. 
  

  

  The 
  skeleton 
  here 
  figured 
  is 
  that 
  of 
  a 
  female 
  from 
  

   the 
  Alps 
  of 
  Piedmont, 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  hind 
  limb 
  is 
  a 
  

   little 
  more 
  elongate 
  in 
  proportion 
  than 
  in 
  British 
  

   examples. 
  

  

  Measurements 
  of 
  Skeleton 
  (in 
  millimetres). 
  

  

  3 
  ¥ 
  

  

  Length 
  of 
  skull 
  . 
  ... 
  17 
  ... 
  21 
  

  

  Width 
  of 
  skull 
  . 
  . 
  .19 
  ... 
  24 
  

  

  Least 
  interorbifcal 
  width 
  . 
  . 
  3*5 
  ... 
  4 
  

  

  Dorsal 
  vertebral 
  column 
  . 
  .21 
  ... 
  27 
  

  

  Urostyle 
  22 
  ... 
  28 
  

  

  Humerus 
  20 
  ... 
  23 
  

  

  Radius-ulna 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  .13 
  ... 
  15 
  

  

  Manus 
  17 
  ... 
  20 
  

  

  Pelvis 
  27 
  ... 
  30 
  

  

  Femur 
  31 
  ... 
  39 
  

  

  Tibia 
  35 
  ... 
  43 
  

  

  Tarsus 
  16 
  ... 
  20 
  

  

  Pes 
  38 
  ... 
  43 
  

  

  Habits. 
  — 
  Raua 
  temporaries 
  must 
  be 
  regarded, 
  on 
  

   the 
  whole, 
  as 
  a 
  terrestrial 
  frog, 
  although 
  less 
  strictly 
  

   so 
  than 
  R. 
  arvalis 
  and 
  R. 
  agilis. 
  It 
  is 
  by 
  no 
  means 
  

   unusual 
  to 
  find 
  specimens 
  in 
  ponds 
  or 
  pools 
  through- 
  

   out 
  the 
  summer. 
  The 
  majority, 
  however, 
  spend 
  the 
  

   greater 
  part 
  of 
  their 
  active 
  life 
  on 
  land, 
  in 
  fields, 
  

   gardens, 
  meadows, 
  and 
  woods. 
  Many 
  males 
  hibernate 
  

   under 
  water. 
  The 
  breeding 
  season 
  falls 
  earlier 
  than 
  

   in 
  any 
  other 
  species, 
  in 
  January 
  and 
  February 
  in 
  the 
  

   south, 
  in 
  March 
  and 
  April 
  in 
  the 
  north. 
  In 
  the 
  ex- 
  

   ceptional 
  year 
  1894 
  the 
  common 
  frog 
  began 
  to 
  spawn, 
  

  

  