﻿RANA. 
  313 
  

  

  the 
  nostrils, 
  and 
  a 
  little 
  greater 
  than 
  the 
  width 
  of 
  the 
  

   mouth. 
  Spiraculum 
  directed 
  backwards 
  aud 
  slightly 
  

   upwards, 
  nearly 
  equally 
  distant 
  from 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  

   snout 
  and 
  from 
  the 
  anus, 
  visible 
  from 
  above 
  and 
  from 
  

   below. 
  Anus 
  opening 
  on 
  the 
  right 
  side, 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  

   lower 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  subcaudal 
  crest. 
  Tail 
  three 
  to 
  four 
  

   times 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  deep, 
  ending 
  in 
  an 
  obtuse 
  point 
  ; 
  

   upper 
  crest 
  convex, 
  not 
  or 
  but 
  slightly 
  deeper 
  than 
  

   the 
  lower, 
  not 
  extending 
  far 
  upon 
  the 
  back 
  ; 
  the 
  depth 
  

   of 
  the 
  muscular 
  part, 
  at 
  its 
  base, 
  about 
  one-third 
  the 
  

   greatest 
  total 
  depth. 
  

  

  Beak 
  broadly 
  edged 
  with 
  black. 
  Sides 
  and 
  lower 
  

   edge 
  of 
  the 
  lip 
  bordered 
  with 
  papilla? 
  ; 
  upper 
  lip 
  with 
  

   a 
  long 
  series 
  of 
  teeth, 
  followed 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  by 
  two 
  

   or 
  three 
  series 
  which 
  are 
  widely 
  separated 
  from 
  their 
  

   fellows 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  side, 
  and 
  gradually 
  decrease 
  in 
  

   length 
  ; 
  four 
  series 
  of 
  teeth 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  lip, 
  the 
  fourth 
  

   or 
  inner 
  widely 
  interrupted 
  in 
  the 
  middle, 
  the 
  first 
  or 
  

   outer 
  at 
  least 
  two-thirds 
  the 
  length 
  of 
  the 
  second. 
  

  

  Muciferous 
  crypts 
  very 
  indistinct. 
  

  

  Brown 
  to 
  blackish 
  above, 
  with 
  metallic 
  dots 
  ; 
  caudal 
  

   crests 
  greyish, 
  uniform 
  or 
  dotted 
  or 
  powdered 
  with 
  

   brown, 
  with 
  or 
  without 
  small 
  golden 
  spots; 
  belly 
  

   grey 
  or 
  blackish, 
  with 
  metallic 
  dots 
  or 
  spots. 
  

  

  Total 
  length, 
  45 
  mm.; 
  body, 
  15; 
  width 
  of 
  body, 
  

   10; 
  tail, 
  30; 
  depth 
  of 
  tail, 
  9. 
  These 
  dimensions 
  are 
  

   taken 
  from 
  one 
  of 
  many 
  large 
  specimens 
  obtained 
  at 
  

   Anseremme, 
  Belgium, 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  April, 
  1894. 
  

  

  Habitat. 
  — 
  Rana 
  temporaria 
  is 
  a 
  Northern 
  species, 
  

   reaching 
  the 
  extreme 
  north 
  of 
  Scandinavia 
  and 
  

   Lapland. 
  In 
  Northern 
  and 
  Central 
  Europe 
  it 
  is 
  

   equally 
  common 
  in 
  the 
  plain 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  mountains, 
  up 
  

   to 
  the 
  limit 
  of 
  perpetual 
  snow; 
  whilst 
  in 
  the 
  south 
  it 
  

   is 
  confined 
  to 
  the 
  mountains, 
  reaching 
  an 
  altitude 
  of 
  

   7200 
  feet 
  in 
  the 
  Pyrenees 
  and 
  10,000 
  feet 
  in 
  the 
  

   Italian 
  Alps. 
  It 
  is 
  absent 
  from 
  the 
  plain 
  of 
  France 
  

   south 
  of 
  46°, 
  but 
  reappears 
  on 
  the 
  Pyrenees 
  and 
  in 
  

   North-western 
  Spain, 
  where 
  it 
  is 
  found 
  both 
  at 
  sea 
  

   level 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  mountains. 
  It 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  absent 
  

  

  