﻿26 The Philippine Journal of Science i9u 



shown in Plate VI, fig. 2. At the right in the top line all are 

 shown united, while at the left in the same line the bones are 

 shown separately, with the 4th suborbital, 18 2 , seen from the 

 posterior side showing the flange that forms the posterior side 

 of the orbit. Those in the lower row are seen from the left side 

 and from the outer — lateral — side. All of the orbitals are per- 

 forated by sensory canals almost continuously and with various 

 openings to the exterior. Anteriorly and posteriorly the artic- 

 ulation is with the frontals (36), while 18 2 -18 6 , inclusive, 

 closely overlie the maxillaries (5). Those at the right, united, 

 are from a somewhat smaller fish than those disarticulated. 

 They are also illustrated in Plate I. 



II. SUSPENSORIUM AND OPERCULAR APPARATUS 

 PLATES VII AND VIII 



The palatines (2) articulate anteriorly with the vomer (67), 

 with the pterygoids (80) posteriorly, and the mesopterygoids 

 (71) dorsally. The anterior process of the palatines passes 

 dorsally over the maxillaries (5), articulating with them. The 

 palatines are continuous with the pterygoids (80) and the quad- 

 rates (7). The posterior portion of the palatines lies interior 

 to the maxillaries (5) . The exterior side is shown in Plate VII 

 and the interior side in Plate VIII. 



The quadrates (7) are almost right-triangular in form, the 

 right angle being ventral. Anteriorly there is a broad, flat- 

 tened portion, articulating with the pterygoids (80) and the 

 mesopterygoids (71) and dorsally with the metapterygoids (8). 

 The posterior portion, which is in the form of a broad flat spine 

 at right angles to the anterior portion, projects posteriorly into 

 a fossa in the lower anterior portion of the preopercles (11). 

 On the inside, between the anterior and posterior parts, is a 

 groove, at the bottom of which is a fossa into which the lower 

 spinous portion of the symplectics (9) fits. The wide portion 

 at the right angle articulates with the posterior end of the an- 

 gulars (12). Plate VII shows the quadrates from the exterior 

 side both articulated and disarticulated, while Plate VIII ex- 

 hibits them from the internal side. 



The metapterygoids (8) articulate with the mesopterygoids 

 (71) anteriorly, the quadrates (7) ventrally, the symplectics 

 (9) posteriorly, and with the hyomandibulars (10). the frontals 

 (36), and the sphenotics (39) dorsally. From the center of the 

 posterior somewhat square portion there arises an oblique ridge 



